Vinyl acetate (barka), wanda kuma aka sani da Vinyl Acetate ko Vinyl Acetate, wani ruwa ne mai launi na C4h6o2 da kuma matsin lamba na kwayar cutar C4h6o2 da kuma nauyin kwayar halittar C4h6o2 da kuma nauyin kwayar halitta na 86.9. Barka da baya, a matsayin daya daga cikin masana'antu da aka fi amfani da kayan masarufi a duniya, na iya samar da abubuwan tattarawa kamar poliCylono (PVAC), da Polyvinylonitrile (pvolymerization tare da wasu monomers. Ana amfani da waɗannan abubuwan haɗin da aka yi amfani da su sosai a cikin gini, wittile, kayan injuna, magani, da inganta ƙasa. Saboda saurin ci gaban masana'antar tashar a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, samar da Vinyl Acetate ya nuna wahalar karuwa shekara 1970kt a cikin 2018. A halin yanzu, saboda tasirin albarkatun kasa da Hanyoyi, hanyoyin samarwa na Vinyl Acetate galibi sun haɗa da hanyar Acetylene da kuma ethylene.
1, aikin Acetylene
A cikin 1912, F. Klatte, wani Kanada, da farko an gano Vinyl Acetate ta amfani da wuce haddi na Acetlelene da acid a karkashin matsin lamba na ATMOSPHERIC, da kuma amfani da salts na Mermury a matsayin mai kara kuzari. A cikin 1921, Kamfanin Cei ya kirkiro da fasaha don tsarin turancin turanci na Vinyl acetate daga Acetylene da acid. Tun daga nan, masu bincike daga ƙasashe daban-daban sun ci gaba da inganta tsari da kuma yanayi don tsarin haɗin vinyl acetate daga Acetylene daga Acetylene. A cikin 1928, tare da Kamfanin Jamus ya kafa wani yanki 12 kt / vinyl Acetate naúrar samar da masana'antu, yana ganin samar da masana'antu na Vinyl Acetate. Daidai don samar da Vinyl acetate ta hanyar hanyar Acetylene kamar haka:
Babban dauki:

Tasirin sakamako:

Hanyar Acetylene ta kasu kashi-ruwa da hanyar lissafi da kuma hanyar gas.
Matsayin mai amfani na tsarin ruwa na Acetylene ruwa shine ruwa, kuma mai amsawa shine tanki mai daukar hoto tare da na'urar motsa jiki. Saboda kasawar ruwa mai ruwa irin wannan tsari na low zaɓi da kuma samfuran da yawa, wannan hanyar ta WETETLELE ta maye gurbin wannan hanyar Acetylene gas hanya a yanzu.
Dangane da tushe daban-daban na kayan gas na Wanetylene, ana iya rarraba hanyar maganin na Acetylene ta hanyar hanyar iskar gas ta gas da kuma Carbide Acetylene Waka.
Tsarin Borden yana amfani da acid acetic a matsayin adsorbent, wanda ya inganta yawan amfani da Acetylene. Koyaya, wannan hanyar tsari yana da wahala fasaha kuma yana buƙatar farashi mai yawa, don haka wannan hanyar ta mamaye yankuna masu arziki a cikin albarkatun gas.
Wacker tsari yana amfani da Acetylene da acetic acid da aka samar daga carbifi na ƙasa, don ƙirƙirar carbon da zazzabi da zazzabi na 170 ~ 230 ℃. The process technology is relatively simple and has low production costs, but there are shortcomings such as easy loss of catalyst active components, poor stability, high energy consumption, and large pollution.
2, Ethylene tsari
Ethylene, Oxygen, da acid acetic acid ne albarkatun guda uku da aka yi amfani da su a cikin Ethylene Synthesis na Vinyl Acetate tsari. Babban aiki na mai kara kuzari shine yawanci rukuni na takwas ne mai amfani da ƙarfe, wanda ake mayar da shi a wani yanayin zafin jiki da matsi. Bayan aiki mai zuwa, mai manufa samfurin vinyl acetate an samu nasara. Daidaitawa daidai yake kamar haka:
Babban dauki:

Tasirin sakamako:

Kamfanin Bayer na Ethylene ya fara aiwatar da tsari na Ethylene kuma an sanya shi a masana'antar masana'antu don samar da kayan aikin Vinyl a cikin 1968. Yana da galibi palladium ko gwal ne akan acid resistant tallafi, kamar silica gel beads tare da radius of 4-5mm, da ƙari na wani adadin potassium acetate, wanda zai inganta aiki da kuma bukatar mai kara kuzari. Tsarin aikin da ke cikin Vinyl Acetate ta amfani da hanyar ethylene vapor Phylene ya yi kama da hanyar Bayer, kuma ya kasu kashi biyu: gyara da distillation. Tsarin Uni ya cimma aikin masana'antu a shekarar 1969. Abubuwan da ke aiki na mai kara kuzari galibi suna palladium da platinum, wanda aka tallafa wa mai ɗaukar jirgin ruwan daji. Yanayin da aka yi suna da sauƙin kai da kuma mai kara kuzari yana da dogon rayuwa, amma yawan amfanin ƙasa yana ƙasa. Idan aka kwatanta da hanyar Acetylene, Hanyar tururi na Ethylene ya inganta sosai a cikin fasaha, da kuma masu castystests da aka yi amfani da su a cikin hanyar Ethylene sun ci gaba da inganta a cikin aiki da kuma bukatar. Ko ta yaya, abin da ke faruwa Kinetics da lalata kayan lalata har yanzu ana buƙatar bincika shi.
Samun Vinyl Acetate ta amfani da hanyar ethylene tana amfani da tubular da aka saita a gado mai tushe cike da mai kara kuzari. Gasan abinci suna shiga cikin reactor daga saman, kuma idan ta tuntuɓar gado mai ɗanɗano, halayen catalytic suna faruwa don samar da samfurin samfurin Vinyl Acetate da ƙaramin adadin carbon dioxide. Saboda yanayin da ake ciki na amsawar dauki, otherurized ruwa ana gabatar da shi a cikin gefen harsashi na reactor don cire lokacin amfani da ruwa.
Idan aka kwatanta da hanyar Acetylene, hanyar ethylene tana da halayen tsarin kayan aiki, babban fitarwa, da kuma farashin kayan aikinta yana ƙasa da wannan hanyar Aceylene. Ingancin samfurin shine mafi girman, kuma yanayin lalata ba shi da mahimmanci. Sabili da haka, hanyar Ethylene a hankali ya maye gurbin hanyar Acetylene bayan 1970s. Dangane da lambar da ba ta cika ba, kusan 70% na Spylene wanda Ethylene ke samarwa a duniya ya zama babban hanyoyin samarwa.
A halin yanzu, mafi yawan fasahar samarwa na bp a duniya shine tsarin tsalle-tsalle da tsarin mulkin Celandese. Idan aka kwatanta da tsarin gas na gargajiya na gargajiya na gargajiya na gargajiya, waɗannan fasahar aiwatar biyu ta inganta mahimmancin rukunin, suna inganta tattalin arziki da amincin aiki.
Celandese ta kirkiro da sabon tsarin da aka gyara don magance matsalolin rikice-rikicen da ba a rarraba ba da kuma juyawa ta hanyar gyara a kan mai siyar da gado. An yi amfani da reactor da aka yi amfani da shi har yanzu mai gindin gado, amma an ƙara mahimmancin mahimmancin tsarin mai kai, kuma an kara yawan na'urorin dawowar mai zuwa cikin lalacewar kayan gargajiya na gargajiya. Yawan amfanin ƙasa na samfurin Vinyl Acetate yana da muhimmanci sosai fiye da na na'urori iri ɗaya. The process catalyst uses platinum as the main active component, silica gel as the catalyst carrier, sodium citrate as a reducing agent, and other auxiliary metals such as lanthanide rare earth elements such as praseodymium and neodymium. Idan aka kwatanta da castsalysts na gargajiya, da za'ayi, aiki, da kuma yawan samar da sarari na mai kara kuzari.
BP AMOCO ta kirkiro tsarin tsarin gas na ethylene, wanda kuma aka sani da tsarin aiwatar da tsalle-tsalle, kuma ya gina wani ɓangaren gado 250, Ingila. Yin amfani da wannan tsari don samar da Vinyl Ace na iya rage farashin samarwa da 30%, da lokacin samar da sarari (1858-2744 g / (700) ya fi na ƙayyadaddun gado (700 -1200 g / (l · h-1).
Tsarin da aka yi amfani da shi na yin amfani da abin da ake amfani da shi a karon farko, wanda ke da albarkatun da ke zuwa idan aka kwatanta da tsayayyen gado:
1) A cikin kayan kwantar da hankali, mai kara kuzari yana ci gaba da hadawa sosai, ta haka ne ke ba da gudummawa ga yaduwar sutura da tabbatar da daidaitaccen taro a cikin mai martaba a cikin mai martaba.
2) Abubuwan da ake amfani da su a gado na iya ci gaba da maye gurbin mai ɗaukar hoto tare da sabbin masu kara a ƙarƙashin yanayin aiki.
3) Ruwa na kwantar da hankali da zazzabi yana da kullun, ragewar kashe-kashe saboda yawan zafi, ta hanyar overheating na gida, don haka ya kawo rayuwar sabis na mai kara kuzari.
4) Hanyar cirewar mai zafi da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin abin da ake amfani da shi a gado yana sauƙaƙe tsarin mai sakawa da rage ƙarar ta. A takaice dai, ana iya amfani da ƙirar mai amfani guda ɗaya don shigarwa na sinadarai, yana haɓaka haɓakar ingancin na'urar.