Babban albarkatun kasa na polyether, irin su propylene oxide, styrene, acrylonitrile da ethylene oxide, sune abubuwan da aka samo asali na petrochemicals, kuma farashin su yana shafar macroeconomic da wadata da yanayin buƙatu kuma suna canzawa akai-akai, wanda ke sa ya fi wahalar sarrafa farashi a ciki. masana'antar polyether. Kodayake ana sa ran farashin propylene oxide zai ragu a cikin 2022 saboda ƙaddamar da sabon ƙarfin samarwa, har yanzu ana samun matsin lamba na sarrafa farashi daga sauran manyan albarkatun ƙasa.

Samfurin kasuwanci na musamman na masana'antar polyether

Farashin samfuran polyether galibi sun ƙunshi kayan kai tsaye irin su propylene oxide, styrene, acrylonitrile, ethylene oxide, da sauransu. Tsarin masu samar da albarkatun ƙasa na sama yana da daidaito daidai, tare da kamfanoni mallakar gwamnati, kamfanoni masu zaman kansu da haɗin gwiwar duk suna mamayewa. wani kaso na sikelin samarwa, don haka bayanin kasuwar samar da albarkatun kasa na kamfani ya fi bayyana. A cikin ƙananan masana'antu, samfurori na polyether suna da nau'o'in aikace-aikace masu yawa, kuma abokan ciniki suna nuna halayen babban girma, watsawa da buƙatu daban-daban, don haka masana'antu sun fi karɓar tsarin kasuwanci na "samar da tallace-tallace".

Matsayin fasaha da halayen fasaha na masana'antar polyether

A halin yanzu, ma'aunin masana'antar polyether na ƙasa da aka ba da shawarar shine GB/T12008.1-7, amma kowane masana'anta yana aiwatar da ƙa'idodin kasuwancin sa. Kamfanoni daban-daban suna samar da nau'ikan samfuran iri ɗaya saboda bambance-bambance a cikin ƙira, fasaha, kayan aiki masu mahimmanci, hanyoyin aiwatarwa, kula da inganci, da sauransu, akwai wasu bambance-bambance a cikin ingancin samfur da kwanciyar hankali.

Duk da haka, wasu kamfanoni a cikin masana'antu sun ƙware mahimmin fasaha ta hanyar R&D masu zaman kansu na dogon lokaci da tarin fasaha, kuma ayyukan wasu samfuransu sun kai matakin ci gaba na samfuran iri ɗaya a ƙasashen waje.

Tsarin gasa da kasuwancin masana'antar polyether

(1) Tsarin gasa na kasa da kasa da kasuwancin masana'antar polyether

A cikin shirin shekaru biyar na 13, karfin samar da sinadarin polyether a duniya yana karuwa gaba daya, kuma babban abin da ya fi maida hankali wajen fadada karfin samar da kayayyaki shi ne a yankin Asiya, inda kasar Sin ta fi saurin fadada karfinta, kuma tana da muhimmiyar kasa wajen samarwa da tallace-tallace a duniya. da polyether. China, Amurka da Turai sune manyan masu amfani da polyether a duniya da kuma manyan masana'antar polyether a duniya. Daga ra'ayi na masana'antun samarwa, a halin yanzu, sassan samar da polyether na duniya suna da girma a cikin sikelin kuma sun mayar da hankali kan samarwa, galibi a hannun manyan kamfanoni na duniya da yawa kamar BASF, Costco, Dow Chemical da Shell.

(2) Tsarin gasa da kasuwancin masana'antar polyether na cikin gida

Masana'antar polyurethane ta kasar Sin ta fara ne a karshen shekarun 1950 zuwa farkon shekarun 1960, kuma daga shekarun 1960 zuwa farkon shekarun 1980, masana'antar polyurethane ta kasance a matakin farko, inda a shekarar 1995 ke iya samar da polyether ton 100,000 kawai. na masana'antar polyurethane na gida, yawancin tsire-tsire na polyether sun kasance An fadada sabbin gine-gine da masana'antar polyether a kasar Sin, kuma karfin samar da kayayyaki yana ci gaba da bunkasa, kuma masana'antar polyether ta zama masana'antar sinadarai masu saurin bunkasa a kasar Sin. Masana'antar polyether ta zama masana'antar haɓaka cikin sauri a masana'antar sinadarai ta kasar Sin.

Halin matakin riba a masana'antar polyether

Matsayin riba na masana'antar polyether an ƙaddara shi ne ta hanyar abubuwan fasaha na samfuran da ƙimar da aka ƙara na aikace-aikacen da ke ƙasa, kuma ana yin tasiri ta hanyar haɓakar farashin albarkatun ƙasa da sauran dalilai.

A cikin masana'antar polyether, matakin riba na kamfanoni ya bambanta sosai saboda bambance-bambancen ma'auni, farashi, fasaha, tsarin samfur da gudanarwa. Kamfanonin da ke da ƙarfin R&D mai ƙarfi, ingancin samfur mai kyau da manyan ayyuka yawanci suna da ƙarfin ciniki mai ƙarfi da ƙimar riba mai yawa saboda iyawarsu na samar da samfuran inganci da ƙimar ƙima. Akasin haka, akwai yanayin gasa iri ɗaya na samfuran polyether, matakin ribarsa zai kasance a ƙaramin matakin, ko ma raguwa.

Kulawa mai ƙarfi na kare muhalli da kulawar aminci zai tsara tsarin masana'antu

Shirin "Shirin shekaru biyar na 14" ya bayyana a fili cewa "za'a ci gaba da rage yawan hayaki mai gurbata muhalli, yanayin muhalli zai ci gaba da inganta, kuma shingen tsaro na muhalli zai kasance da karfi". Ƙarfafa ƙaƙƙarfan ƙa'idodin muhalli za su ƙara zuba jarurruka na muhalli na kamfanoni, tilasta wa kamfanoni su sake fasalin ayyukan samar da kayayyaki, ƙarfafa tsarin samar da kore da kuma sake amfani da kayan aiki mai mahimmanci don kara inganta haɓakar samar da kayayyaki da kuma rage "sharar gida guda uku" da aka samar, da inganta ingancin samfurin da samfurori masu daraja. A lokaci guda kuma, masana'antar za ta ci gaba da kawar da yawan amfani da makamashi na baya baya, ƙarfin samar da gurɓataccen gurɓataccen iska, hanyoyin samarwa da kayan aikin samarwa, yin yanayi mai tsabta.

A lokaci guda, masana'antar za ta ci gaba da kawar da yawan amfani da makamashi na baya, babban ƙarfin samar da gurɓataccen gurɓataccen iska, hanyoyin samarwa da kayan aikin samarwa, ta yadda kamfanoni masu tsaftataccen tsarin samar da kariyar muhalli da manyan ƙarfin R & D suka fito, da haɓaka haɓaka haɓaka masana'antu. , ta yadda kamfanoni a cikin jagorancin ci gaba mai zurfi, da kuma inganta ingantaccen ci gaban masana'antar sinadarai.

Shingaye bakwai a cikin masana'antar polyether

(1) Shingayen fasaha da fasaha

Kamar yadda filayen aikace-aikacen samfuran polyether ke ci gaba da haɓaka, buƙatun masana'antu na ƙasa don polyether kuma a hankali suna nuna halayen ƙwarewa, haɓakawa da keɓancewa. Zaɓin hanyar amsa sinadarai, ƙirar ƙira, zaɓi mai ƙara kuzari, fasahar tsari da sarrafa ingancin polyether duk suna da matukar mahimmanci kuma sun zama mahimman abubuwan masana'antu don shiga gasar kasuwa. Tare da ƙara tsauraran buƙatun ƙasa akan tanadin makamashi da kariyar muhalli, masana'antar kuma za ta haɓaka a cikin hanyar kariyar muhalli, ƙarancin carbon da ƙara ƙimar ƙima a nan gaba. Don haka, ƙware mahimman fasahohi shine muhimmin shinge don shiga wannan masana'antar.

(2) Katangar basira

Tsarin sinadarai na polyether yana da kyau sosai cewa ƙananan canje-canje a cikin sarkar kwayoyin halitta zai haifar da canje-canje a cikin aikin samfurin, don haka madaidaicin fasahar samarwa yana da ƙayyadaddun buƙatu, wanda ke buƙatar babban matakin haɓaka samfurin, haɓaka tsari da basirar sarrafa kayan aiki. Aikace-aikacen samfuran polyether yana da ƙarfi, wanda ke buƙatar ba kawai haɓaka samfuran musamman don aikace-aikacen daban-daban ba, har ma da ikon daidaita tsarin ƙirar kowane lokaci tare da samfuran masana'antar ƙasa da ƙwararrun sabis na bayan-tallace-tallace.

Sabili da haka, wannan masana'antar tana da buƙatu na ƙwararru da gwaninta na fasaha, waɗanda dole ne su sami tushe na tushen mahalli, da kuma ƙwararrun ƙwararrun masani. A halin yanzu, ƙwararrun ƙwararrun cikin gida waɗanda ke da ƙaƙƙarfan tushe na ka'idar da wadataccen ƙwarewar aiki a cikin masana'antar har yanzu ba su da yawa. Yawanci, kamfanoni a cikin masana'antu za su haɗu da ci gaba da gabatar da hazaka da horo na bi-da-bi-da-bi, da kuma inganta ƙwaƙƙwaran ƙwaƙƙwaransu ta hanyar kafa na'urar basirar da ta dace da halayensu. Ga sababbin masu shiga masana'antar, rashin ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun za ta haifar da shingen shiga.

(3) Shingayen siyan kayan danye

Propylene oxide wani abu ne mai mahimmanci a cikin masana'antar sinadarai kuma sinadari ne mai haɗari, don haka kamfanoni masu siye suna buƙatar samun cancantar samar da aminci. A halin yanzu, masu samar da propylene oxide na cikin gida galibi manyan kamfanoni ne na sinadarai irin su Sinopec Group, Kamfanin Masana'antu na Jishen Chemical Limited, Shandong Jinling, Wudi Xinyue Chemical Company Limited, Binhua, Wanhua Chemical da Jinling Huntsman. Kamfanonin da aka ambata a sama sun fi son yin aiki tare da kamfanoni tare da tsayayyen ƙarfin amfani da propylene oxide lokacin zabar abokan ciniki na ƙasa, samar da alaƙa tsakanin masu amfani da su na ƙasa da mai da hankali kan dogon lokaci da kwanciyar hankali na haɗin gwiwa. Lokacin da sababbin masu shiga cikin masana'antu ba su da ikon cinye propylene oxide a tsaye, yana da wuya a gare su su sami kwanciyar hankali na albarkatun kasa daga masana'antun.

(4) Katangar jari

Babban shingen wannan masana'antar yana nunawa a cikin bangarori uku: na farko, saka hannun jarin kayan aikin fasaha, na biyu, sikelin samarwa da ake buƙata don cimma ma'aunin tattalin arziƙin, na uku, saka hannun jari a cikin aminci da kayan kare muhalli. Tare da saurin maye gurbin samfur, ƙa'idodi masu inganci, keɓaɓɓen buƙatun ƙasa da aminci mafi girma da ƙimar muhalli, saka hannun jari da farashin aiki na kamfanoni suna haɓaka. Ga sababbin masu shiga masana'antar, dole ne su kai wani ma'auni na tattalin arziki don yin gogayya da kamfanonin da ake da su ta fuskar kayan aiki, fasaha, farashi da basira, don haka ya zama shinge na kudi ga masana'antu.

(5) Katangar Tsarin Gudanarwa

Aikace-aikacen da ke ƙasa na masana'antar polyether suna da yawa kuma suna warwatse, kuma tsarin samfura masu rikitarwa da bambancin buƙatun abokin ciniki suna da buƙatu masu girma akan ikon tsarin gudanarwa na masu samarwa. Ayyukan masu ba da kaya, ciki har da R & D, kayan gwaji, samarwa, sarrafa kaya da bayan-tallace-tallace, duk suna buƙatar ingantaccen tsarin kula da inganci da ingantaccen tsarin samar da tallafi. Tsarin gudanarwa na sama yana buƙatar gwaji na lokaci mai tsawo da kuma babban adadin jari, wanda ya zama babban shinge ga shigarwa ga ƙananan masana'antun polyether masu girma da matsakaici.

(6) Kariyar muhalli da shingen tsaro

Kamfanonin sinadarai na kasar Sin don aiwatar da tsarin amincewa, dole ne bude kamfanonin sinadari ya cika sharuddan da aka gindaya, sannan kuma a amince da su kafin su tsunduma cikin samarwa da gudanar da aiki. Babban albarkatun masana'antar kamfanin, irin su propylene oxide, sinadarai ne masu haɗari, kuma kamfanonin da ke shiga wannan filin dole ne su bi ta hanyoyi masu rikitarwa da tsauri kamar nazarin ayyukan, nazarin ƙira, nazarin samar da gwaji da cikakkiyar yarda, kuma a ƙarshe su sami abin da ya dace. lasisi kafin su iya samarwa a hukumance.

A gefe guda, tare da ci gaban zamantakewa da tattalin arziki, abubuwan da ake buƙata na ƙasa don samar da aminci, kare muhalli, ceton makamashi da rage yawan hayaƙi suna karuwa kuma mafi girma, yawancin ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan kamfanoni na polyether ba za su iya samun damar yin amfani da su ba. karuwar aminci da ƙimar kariyar muhalli kuma a hankali janye. Saka hannun jari na tsaro da kare muhalli ya zama ɗaya daga cikin mahimman shingen shiga masana'antar.

(7) Barrier

Samar da samfuran polyurethane gabaɗaya yana ɗaukar tsarin gyare-gyaren lokaci ɗaya, kuma da zarar polyether azaman albarkatun ƙasa yana da matsaloli, zai haifar da matsala mai inganci ga duka samfuran polyurethane. Sabili da haka, ingantaccen ingancin samfuran polyether galibi shine fifikon fifiko ga masu amfani. Musamman ga abokan ciniki a cikin masana'antar kera motoci, suna da tsauraran matakan duba don gwajin samfur, gwaji, takaddun shaida da zaɓi, kuma suna buƙatar shiga cikin ƙananan batches, batches da yawa da gwaje-gwaje da gwaji na lokaci mai tsawo. Don haka, ƙirƙira tambari da tara albarkatun abokan ciniki na buƙatar dogon lokaci da adadi mai yawa na saka hannun jari na albarkatu, kuma yana da wahala ga sabbin masu shiga don yin gogayya da kamfanoni na asali a cikin alamar alama da sauran fannoni a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci, don haka samar da shinge mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi.