Menene Tsarin Cumene?
Tsarin Cumene yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan hanyoyin samar da masana'antuphenol(C₆H₅OH). Wannan tsari yana amfani da cumene azaman ɗanyen abu don samar da phenol ta hanyar hydroxylation ƙarƙashin takamaiman yanayi. Saboda balagaggen fasahar sa, ƙarancin farashi, da ingancin samfur, tsarin cumene don samar da phenol ana amfani da shi sosai a cikin masana'antar sinadarai.
Wannan labarin zai bincika ƙa'ida da matakan samar da phenol ta hanyar cumene dalla-dalla, yana taimaka wa masu karatu su fahimci wannan muhimmin fasahar samar da sinadarai.
Ƙa'idar amsawa na Tsarin Cumene
Babban abin da ke faruwa a cikin samar da phenol ta hanyar cumene shi ne hydroxylation na cumene. Babban ka'ida ita ce ƙungiyar methyl a cikin kwayoyin cumene an maye gurbinsu da ƙungiyar hydroxyl ƙarƙashin yanayin acidic don samar da phenol.
Musamman, cumene (C₆H₅CH (CH₃)₂) yana amsawa tare da sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) da aka tattara a ƙarƙashin dumama don samar da p-isopropylphenol (C₆H₅C (OH) H (CH₃)₂) da ƙaramin adadin sulfate ta-samfurin. Daga baya, p-isopropylphenol yana canzawa zuwa phenol (C₆H₅OH) ta hanyar maganin hydrolysis. Gabaɗayan ma'auni na sinadarai don halayen sune kamar haka:
C₆H₅CH(CH₃)₂ + H₂SO₄ → C₆H₅C(OH)H(CH₃)₂ + HSO₄⁻
C₆H₅C(OH)H(CH₃)₂ + 3H₂O → 2C₆H₅OH + CH₄
Ana iya gani daga halayen da ke sama cewa mabuɗin tsarin cumene ya ta'allaka ne a cikin halayen hydroxylation a ƙarƙashin yanayin acidic da halayen hydrolysis na gaba. Sulfuric acid yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a matsayin mai kara kuzari a duk lokacin aiki.
Tsari Matakan Tsarin Cumene
Ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun tsari don samar da phenol ta hanyar cumene ana iya raba shi zuwa manyan matakai masu zuwa:
1. Shirye-shiryen Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Ƙasa
Mataki na farko a cikin samar da phenol ta hanyar cumene shine shiryawa da tsara kayan albarkatun kasa. Cumene, ainihin albarkatun wannan tsari, yana buƙatar fara tsarkakewa ta hanyar distillation don tabbatar da tsarkinsa ya kai fiye da 99%. Ana amfani da sulfuric acid mai mahimmanci (yawanci tare da maida hankali na 98%) azaman mai kara kuzari, yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin halayen. Don inganta yadda ya dace, an ƙara ƙaramin adadin ruwa zuwa cumene don inganta watsawar sulfuric acid da ci gaban amsawa.
2. Hydroxylation Reaction
A cikin matakin amsawar hydroxylation, cumene da sulfuric acid mai tattarawa ana haɗe su a cikin reactor kuma a yi zafi zuwa 100-130 ° C. A ƙarƙashin yanayin acidic, ƙungiyar methyl a cikin kwayoyin cumene suna jurewa hydroxylation don samar da samfurori na p-isopropylphenol da sulfate. Wannan dauki wani exothermic dauki ne, da kuma dauki zazzabi da kuma motsi gudun bukatar da za a sarrafa don tabbatar da uniformity da kwanciyar hankali na dauki.
3. Maganganun Hydrolysis
Bayan an kammala maganin hydroxylation, samfurin yana buƙatar yin maganin hydrolysis, wanda manufarsa shine canza p-isopropylphenol zuwa phenol. A wannan lokacin, ana ƙara yawan ruwa mai yawa zuwa gaurayewar amsawa, don haka p-isopropylphenol ya sha maganin hydrolysis tare da ruwa don samar da phenol da iskar methane.
4. Neutralization da Rabuwa
Bayan kammala aikin hydrolysis, babban adadin sulfuric acid da sulfate by-products wanzu a cikin tsarin. Don kawar da waɗannan abubuwan acidic, ana ƙara abubuwa na alkaline (kamar sodium hydroxide ko calcium hydroxide) don amsawar neutralization, samar da sulfates masu narkewa da ruwa. Daga baya, an raba phenol daga samfuran ta hanyar rarrabuwa ko fasahar distillation.
5. Tace Da Tsarkakewa
Ana cire datti a cikin ɗanyen phenol ta hanyar hanyoyin tsarkakewa kamar distillation don samun samfuran phenol masu tsafta. Yayin aikin tacewa, yanayin amsawa shima yana buƙatar kulawa sosai don tabbatar da cewa inganci da tsabtar phenol sun hadu da ma'aunin masana'antu.
Fa'idodi da Aikace-aikace na Tsarin Cumene
Tsarin cumene don samar da phenol yana da fa'idodi masu zuwa:
Yanayi mai sauƙi:Idan aka kwatanta da hanyoyin samar da phenol na al'ada, tsarin cumene yana da yanayi mai sauƙi da tsari mafi aminci.
Tushen albarkatun ƙasa masu yawa:Ana iya samun Cumene daga samfuran matatun mai, wanda ke haifar da ƙarancin farashin albarkatun ƙasa.
Babban tsaftar samfur:Ta hanyar daidaitaccen sarrafa tsari, tsabta da ingancin phenol na iya kaiwa babban matakin.
A halin yanzu, phenol da aka samar ta hanyar cumene ana amfani dashi sosai wajen samar da samfuran sinadarai daban-daban kamar resin phenolic, resin epoxy, da nailan, tare da ci gaba da buƙatar kasuwa.
Takaitawa
Tsarin cumene don samar da phenol tsari ne mai inganci da tattalin arziki, tare da ainihinsa shine hydroxylation na cumene da halayen hydrolysis na gaba. Ta hanyar matakai kamar shirye-shiryen albarkatun ƙasa, amsawar hydroxylation, halayen hydrolysis, jiyya na tsaka tsaki, da tsaftacewa da tsarkakewa, samfuran phenol masu tsabta za a iya samu a ƙarshe.
Tare da ci gaba da haɓakar buƙatun duniya don samfuran sinadarai, fasahar samar da phenol ta hanyar cumene za ta ci gaba da ingantawa, tana ba da tallafi mai mahimmanci don haɓaka masana'antu masu alaƙa.
Lokacin aikawa: Juni-23-2025
