MMA, wanda aka fi sani da methyl methacrylate, wani muhimmin albarkatun kasa ne don samar da polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), wanda kuma aka fi sani da acrylic. Tare da haɓaka gyare-gyaren masana'antu na PMMA, ci gaban sarkar masana'antar MMA an koma baya. Bisa ga binciken, akwai matakai guda uku na samar da MMA, wanda shine hanyar cyanohydrin acetone (hanyar ACH), hanyar ethylene carbonylation da kuma hanyar isobutylene oxidation (hanyar C4). A halin yanzu, hanyar ACH da hanyar C4 galibi ana amfani da su a cikin masana'antar samar da kayayyaki ta kasar Sin, kuma babu rukunin samar da masana'antu don hanyar ethylene carbonylation.

Nazarin mu na sarkar darajar MMA yana nazarin hanyoyin samarwa guda uku da ke sama da babban farashin PMMA na ƙasa bi da bi.

Hoto 1 Taswirar yawo na sarkar masana'antar MMA tare da matakai daban-daban (Tsarin Hoto: Masana'antar Sinadari)

Sarkar masana'antu I: Hanyar ACH sarkar darajar MMA
A cikin tsarin samar da hanyar ACH MMA, manyan albarkatun kasa sune acetone da hydrocyanic acid, inda aka samar da hydrocyanic acid ta hanyar samfurin acrylonitrile, da methanol mai taimako, don haka masana'antar gabaɗaya tana amfani da acetone, acrylonitrile da methanol azaman farashi don lissafin abun da ke ciki na albarkatun kasa. Daga cikinsu, ton 0.69 na acetone da 0,32 ton na acrylonitrile da tan 0.35 na methanol ana ƙididdige su azaman cin naúrar. A cikin tsarin farashi na hanyar ACH MMA, farashin acetone yana da mafi girman kaso, sannan hydrocyanic acid da aka samar ta hanyar acrylonitrile, kuma methanol yana lissafin mafi ƙarancin rabo.

Dangane da gwajin daidaitawar farashin acetone, methanol da acrylonitrile a cikin shekaru uku da suka gabata, an gano cewa daidaitawar hanyar ACH MMA tare da acetone yana kusa da 19%, tare da methanol yana kusa da 57% kuma bisa ga acrylonitrile yana kusa da 18%. Ana iya ganin cewa akwai tazara tsakanin wannan da kason farashi a cikin MMA, inda babban kaso na acetone na farashin MMA ba zai iya nunawa a cikin sauye-sauyen farashin sa akan farashin farashin hanyar ACH na MMA ba, yayin da farashin ya tashi. na methanol yana da tasiri mafi girma akan farashin MMA fiye da acetone.

Koyaya, ƙimar kuɗin methanol shine kawai kusan 7%, kuma ƙimar kuɗin acetone shine kusan 26%. Don nazarin sarkar darajar MMA, yana da mahimmanci don duba canjin farashin acetone.

Gabaɗaya, ƙimar ƙimar ACH MMA ta fito ne daga hauhawar farashin acetone da methanol, daga cikinsu acetone yana da babban tasiri akan ƙimar MMA.

Sarkar masana'antu II: Hanyar C4 sarkar darajar MMA

Don sarkar darajar hanyar C4 MMA, albarkatun sa sune isobutylene da methanol, daga cikinsu isobutylene shine samfurin isobutylene mai tsabta mai tsabta, wanda ya fito daga samar da fashewar MTBE. Kuma methanol samfurin methanol ne na masana'antu, wanda ke fitowa daga samar da gawayi.

Dangane da ƙimar ƙimar C4 MMA, ƙimar ƙimar isobutene naúrar amfani shine 0.82 kuma methanol shine 0.35. Tare da ci gaban kowa da kowa a cikin fasahar samarwa, an rage yawan amfani da naúrar zuwa 0.8 a cikin masana'antu, wanda ya rage farashin C4 MMA zuwa wani lokaci. Sauran su ne ƙayyadaddun farashi, kamar farashin ruwa, wutar lantarki da iskar gas, kuɗin kuɗi, kuɗin kula da najasa da sauransu.

A cikin wannan, rabon isobutylene mai tsabta a cikin farashin MMA shine kusan 58%, kuma rabon methanol a farashin MMA shine kusan 6%. Ana iya ganin cewa isobutene shine mafi girman farashin canji a cikin C4 MMA, inda farashin farashin isobutene yana da tasiri mai yawa akan farashin C4 MMA.

Tasirin sarkar darajar don isobutene mai tsafta yana komawa zuwa canjin farashin MTBE, wanda ke cinye raka'a 1.57 kuma ya ƙunshi sama da 80% na farashi don isobutene mai tsafta. Farashin MTBE bi da bi ya fito ne daga methanol da pre-ether C4, inda za a iya haɗa abun da ke cikin pre-ether C4 zuwa kayan abinci don sarkar darajar.

Bugu da kari, ya kamata a lura da cewa babban tsarki isobutene za a iya samar da tert-butanol dehydration, da kuma wasu kamfanoni za su yi amfani da tert-butanol a matsayin tushen lissafin kudin MMA, da kuma yawan amfani da tert-butanol ne 1.52. Dangane da lissafin tert-butanol 6200 yuan/ton, tert-butanol yana da kusan kashi 70% na farashin MMA, wanda ya fi isobutene girma.

A wasu kalmomi, idan an yi amfani da haɗin farashin tert-butanol, sauye-sauye na ƙimar darajar hanyar C4 MMA, tasirin tasirin tert-butanol ya fi na isobutene.

Don taƙaitawa, a cikin C4 MMA, tasirin tasirin tasirin ƙimar ƙimar yana matsayi daga babba zuwa ƙasa: tert-butanol, isobutene, MTBE, methanol, ɗanyen mai.

Sarkar masana'antu III: Ethylene carbonylation MMA darajar sarkar

Babu wani shari'ar samar da masana'antu na MMA ta ethylene carbonylation a kasar Sin, don haka tasirin canjin darajar ba za a iya yin la'akari da ainihin samar da masana'antu ba. Duk da haka, bisa ga naúrar amfani da ethylene a cikin ethylene carbonylation, ethylene shine babban tasiri na farashi akan tsarin farashin MMA na wannan tsari, wanda ya fi 85%.

 
Sarkar masana'antu IV: Sarkar darajar PMMA

PMMA, a matsayin babban samfurin MMA na ƙasa, yana lissafin sama da 70% na yawan amfanin MMA na shekara.

Dangane da tsarin sarkar darajar PMMA, wanda adadin yawan amfani da MMA shine 0.93, ana ƙididdige MMA bisa ga yuan 13,400 kuma ana ƙididdige PMMA bisa ga yuan 15,800, ƙimar MMA a cikin asusun PMMA kusan kusan. 79%, wanda shine mafi girman kaso.

A takaice dai, canjin farashin MMA yana da tasiri mai ƙarfi akan ƙimar ƙimar PMMA, wanda shine tasirin haɗin gwiwa mai ƙarfi. Dangane da daidaitawar farashin farashi tsakanin su biyu a cikin shekaru uku da suka gabata, alaƙar da ke tsakanin su ta fi kashi 82%, wanda ke cikin tasirin alaƙa mai ƙarfi. Sabili da haka, canjin farashin MMA zai haifar da canjin farashin PMMA a cikin wannan shugabanci tare da babban yuwuwar.