Vinyl acetate (Vac), wanda kuma aka sani da vinyl acetate ko vinyl acetate, ruwa ne mara launi da bayyananne a zafin jiki da matsa lamba. A matsayin daya daga cikin mafi yawan amfani da masana'antu kwayoyin albarkatun kasa, Vac iya samar da polyvinyl acetate guduro (PVAc), polyvinyl barasa (PVA), polyacrylonitrile (PAN) da sauran abubuwan da aka samu ta hanyar nasa polymerization ko copolymerization tare da wasu monomers. Ana amfani da waɗannan abubuwan haɓaka sosai a cikin gine-gine, masaku, injina, magunguna da na'urorin sanyaya ƙasa.

Gabaɗaya Binciken Sarkar Masana'antar Vinyl Acetate

A sama na vinyl acetate masana'antu sarkar ne yafi hada da albarkatun kasa kamar acetylene, acetic acid, ethylene da hydrogen, da dai sauransu Babban shirye-shirye hanyoyin sun kasu kashi biyu iri: daya ne man fetur ethylene hanya, wanda aka yi daga ethylene. acetic acid da hydrogen, kuma ana fama da hauhawar farashin danyen mai. Ɗaya shine shirye-shiryen acetylene ta iskar gas ko calcium carbide, sannan kuma acetic acid kira na vinyl acetate, iskar gas dan kadan mafi girma fiye da calcium carbide. Downstream shine yawancin shirye-shiryen barasa na polyvinyl, farin latex (polyvinyl acetate emulsion), VAE, EVA da PAN, da sauransu, wanda polyvinyl barasa shine babban buƙatu.

1. Upstream albarkatun kasa na vinyl acetate

Acetic acid shine mabuɗin albarkatun ƙasa sama da VAE, kuma amfaninsa yana da alaƙa mai ƙarfi da VAE. Bayanai sun nuna cewa, tun daga shekarar 2010, yadda kasar Sin ke amfani da sinadarin acetic acid baki daya yana karuwa, sai dai a shekarar 2015 da bunkasuwar masana'antu ta koma kasa da sauye-sauyen bukatu na kasa, shekarar 2020 ta kai tan miliyan 7.2, wanda ya karu da kashi 3.6 idan aka kwatanta da na shekarar 2019. vinyl acetate na ƙasa da sauran samfuran iya aiki canza tsarin, yawan amfani ya karu, masana'antar acetic acid gabaɗaya za ta ci gaba. girma.

Dangane da aikace-aikacen da ke ƙasa, ana amfani da 25.6% na acetic acid don samar da PTA (tsarkake terephthalic acid), 19.4% na acetic acid ana amfani dashi don samar da vinyl acetate, kuma 18.1% na acetic acid ana amfani dashi don samar da ethyl acetate. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, tsarin masana'antu na abubuwan da aka samo asali na acetic acid ya kasance da kwanciyar hankali. Vinyl acetate ana amfani dashi azaman ɗayan mahimman sassan aikace-aikacen ƙasa na acetic acid.

2. Tsarin ƙasa na vinyl acetate

Vinyl acetate yafi amfani da shi don samar da polyvinyl barasa da Eva, da dai sauransu Vinyl acetate (Vac), mai sauƙi ester na cikakken acid da unsaturated barasa, za a iya polymerized da kanta ko tare da sauran monomers don samar da polymers kamar polyvinyl barasa (PVA), ethylene vinyl acetate - ethylene copolymer (EVA), da dai sauransu. Za'a iya amfani da polymers da aka haifar azaman adhesives, takarda ko masana'anta. wakilai, fenti, tawada, sarrafa fata, emulsifiers, fina-finai masu narkewar ruwa, da na'urorin sanyaya ƙasa a cikin sinadarai, yadi Yana da nau'ikan aikace-aikace masu yawa a cikin sinadarai, yadi, masana'antar haske, yin takarda, gini da filayen mota. Bayanai sun nuna cewa 65% na vinyl acetate ana amfani dashi don samar da polyvinyl barasa kuma 12% na vinyl acetate ana amfani dashi don samar da polyvinyl acetate.

Binciken halin yanzu na kasuwar vinyl acetate

1, Vinyl acetate samar iya aiki da fara-up kudi

Fiye da kashi 60 cikin 100 na karfin samar da vinyl acetate na duniya ya mayar da hankali ne a yankin Asiya, yayin da karfin samar da sinadarin vinyl acetate na kasar Sin ya kai kusan kashi 40 cikin 100 na yawan karfin da ake samarwa a duniya kuma ita ce kasa mafi girma a duniya da ke samar da acetate. Idan aka kwatanta da hanyar acetylene, hanyar ethylene ta fi dacewa da tattalin arziki da muhalli, tare da mafi girman tsabtar samfur. Tun da ikon makamashi na masana'antun sinadarai na kasar Sin ya dogara ne akan kwal, samar da acetate na vinyl ya dogara ne akan hanyar acetylene, kuma samfuran suna da ƙarancin ƙarewa. Ƙarfin samar da vinyl acetate na cikin gida ya faɗaɗa sosai a lokacin 2013-2016, yayin da ya rage ba canzawa a lokacin 2016-2018. Masana'antar vinyl acetate ta kasar Sin ta shekarar 2019 tana gabatar da yanayin rashin karfin tsari, tare da wuce gona da iri a cikin sassan aiwatar da sinadarin calcium carbide acetylene da babban taro na masana'antu. 2020, Sin ta vinyl acetate iya aiki na 2.65 ton miliyan / shekara, lebur shekara-kan-shekara.

2. Vinyl acetate amfani

Dangane da yadda ake amfani da shi, sinadarin vinyl acetate na kasar Sin baki daya ya nuna yadda ake yin sama da fadi, kuma kasuwar vinyl acetate a kasar Sin na ci gaba da habaka a kai a kai saboda karuwar bukatar EVA da ke gangarowa, da dai sauransu. Bayanai sun nuna cewa, sai dai na shekarar 2018 , Amfanin vinyl acetate na kasar Sin da dalilai kamar hauhawar farashin acetic acid, amfani ya ragu, tun 2013 na vinyl na kasar Sin. Bukatar kasuwar acetate ya karu cikin sauri, amfani ya karu kowace shekara, yayin da na 2020 low ya kai tan miliyan 1.95, karuwar 4.8% idan aka kwatanta da 2019.

3, Matsakaicin farashin vinyl acetate kasuwa

Daga hangen farashin kasuwa na vinyl acetate, wanda karfin da ya wuce ya shafa, farashin masana'antu ya kasance mai inganci a cikin 2009-2020. 2014 ta hanyar kwangilar samar da kayayyaki na kasashen waje, farashin kayayyakin masana'antu sun karu sosai, kamfanonin cikin gida suna fadada samar da kayayyaki, wanda ya haifar da mummunan aiki. Farashin Vinyl acetate ya faɗi sosai a cikin 2015 da 2016, kuma a cikin 2017, manufofin kare muhalli ya shafa, farashin samfuran masana'antu ya tashi sosai. 2019, saboda isassun wadatar kayayyaki a cikin kasuwar acetic acid mai tasowa da raguwar buƙatu a cikin masana'antar gine-gine, farashin samfuran masana'antu ya faɗi sosai, kuma a cikin 2020, annobar cutar ta shafa, matsakaicin farashin samfuran ya faɗi gaba, kuma tun daga Yuli 2021. Farashin a kasuwar gabas ya kai sama da 12,000 Tashin farashin yana da yawa, wanda ya samo asali ne saboda tasirin labarai masu kyau na farashin danyen mai da kuma gaba daya. karancin wadatar kasuwa sakamakon rufewar masana'anta ko jinkiri.

Bayanin Kamfanonin Ethyl Acetate

Kamfanonin Ethyl acetate na kasar Sin bangaren masana'antun Sinopec guda hudu suna da karfin tan miliyan 1.22 a kowace shekara, wanda ya kai kashi 43% na kasar, kuma kungiyar Anhui Wanwei tana da tan 750,000 a kowace shekara, wanda ya kai kashi 26.5%. Bangaren Nanjing Celanese da aka saka hannun jari daga ƙasashen waje 350,000 ton / shekara, yana lissafin 12%, da kuma ɓangaren masu zaman kansu Inner Mongolia Shuangxin da Ningxia Dadi jimlar 560,000 ton / shekara, lissafin 20%. A halin yanzu masu samar da vinyl acetate na cikin gida sun fi girma a Arewa maso yamma, Gabashin China da Kudu maso Yamma, tare da ikon Arewa maso Yamma ya kai kashi 51.6%, China ta Gabas tana da kashi 20.8%, Arewacin China na da kashi 6.4% da Kudu maso Yamma mai kashi 21.2%.

Analysis na vinyl acetate hangen nesa

1, EVA na ƙasa da buƙatun girma

Ana iya amfani da EVA na ƙasa na vinyl acetate azaman fim ɗin encapsulation na PV cell. Dangane da sabuwar hanyar sadarwa ta makamashi ta duniya, EVA daga ethylene da vinyl acetate (VA) monomers biyu ta hanyar copolymerization dauki, yawan adadin VA a cikin 5% -40%, saboda kyakkyawan aikin sa, ana amfani da samfurin sosai a cikin kumfa, mai aiki. zubar da fim, marufi fim, allura busa kayayyakin, blending jamiái da adhesives, waya da na USB, photovoltaic cell encapsulation fim da zafi narke adhesives, da sauransu. ci gaban da ake tsammani, yana ƙarfafa haɓakar buƙatar EVA. Ana sa ran cewa za a saka ton 800,000 na karfin EVA a cikin samarwa a cikin 2021. Bisa ga kimantawa, haɓakar ton 800,000 na ƙarfin samar da EVA zai haifar da ci gaban shekara ta 144,000 na buƙatun vinyl acetate, wanda zai haifar da ci gaban shekara. na tan 103,700 na bukatar acetic acid.

2, Vinyl acetate overcapacity, high-karshen kayayyakin har yanzu bukatar da za a shigo da

Kasar Sin tana da karfin karfin vinyl acetate gaba daya, kuma har yanzu ana bukatar shigo da kayayyaki masu inganci. A halin yanzu, samar da acetate na vinyl a kasar Sin ya zarce abin da ake bukata, tare da karfin gaba daya da wuce gona da iri ya dogara kan amfani da waje. Tun bayan da aka fadada karfin samar da sinadarin vinyl acetate a shekarar 2014, kayayyakin da ake fitarwa na vinyl acetate na kasar Sin ya karu sosai, kuma an maye gurbin wasu kayayyakin da ake shigo da su da karfin samar da kayayyaki a cikin gida. Ban da wannan kuma, kayayyakin da kasar Sin ke fitarwa ba su da yawa, yayin da ake shigo da su daga kasashen waje. A halin yanzu, kasar Sin har yanzu tana bukatar dogaro da shigo da kayayyaki masu inganci na vinyl acetate, kuma masana'antar vinyl acetate har yanzu tana da damar samun ci gaba a cikin babban kasuwar kayayyaki.