Wane abu aka yi filastik?
A matsayin abu mai mahimmanci a rayuwar zamani, ana amfani da robobi sosai a fannoni da yawa kamar marufi, kayan lantarki, motoci, da gini. Wadanne kayan robobi aka yi? Wannan a zahiri ya ƙunshi hadadden kimiyyar polymers a cikin masana'antar sinadarai. Ana yin robobi daga nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan roba, kuma ana sarrafa waɗannan albarkatun polymer ta hanyar takamaiman matakai cikin abubuwan yau da kullun da muka sani. A cikin masu zuwa, za mu bincika dalla-dalla abubuwan da ke tattare da robobi da kuma tsarin shirye-shiryen su.
1. Abubuwan asali na filastik: polymers
Menene robobi da aka yi? Amsar ta tsakiya ita ce polymers. Polymer sarkar ce ta manyan kwayoyin halitta da aka yi da ɗimbin adadin maimaita monomers da aka haɗa ta hanyar amsawar polymerisation. Abubuwan polymers na yau da kullun sun haɗa da polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS) da polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Daban-daban nau'ikan robobi suna nuna kaddarorin jiki da sinadarai daban-daban dangane da nau'in monomer da aka yi amfani da su, hanyar polymerisation da tsarin kwayoyin halitta.

Polyethylene (PE): polymerised daga ethylene monomer, wanda aka fi amfani da shi wajen kera jaka na filastik, fina-finai na abinci, da sauransu.
Polypropylene (PP): polymerization na propylene monomer, tare da mai kyau zafi juriya, yadu amfani a filastik kwalban iyakoki, gida utensils.
Polystyrene (PS): polymerised daga styrene monomer, m kuma mai sauƙi don samarwa, wanda aka saba amfani dashi wajen samar da kayan abinci mai yuwuwa, kayan marufi.

2. Additives da ake amfani da su wajen samar da robobi
Baya ga polymers, robobi na ƙunshe da abubuwa daban-daban waɗanda ake amfani da su don haɓaka kayansu ko rage farashin samarwa. Wadannan additives sun hada da antioxidants, plasticizers, stabilizers, canza launi, filler da sauransu. Nau'i da adadin abubuwan da ake ƙarawa kai tsaye suna shafar kaddarorin jiki da amfani da filastik.

Plasticisers: ƙara sassauci na robobi da kuma sauƙaƙa sarrafa su da gyare-gyare. Yawanci ana amfani dashi a cikin samar da PVC.
Antioxidants: hana robobi daga tsufa saboda oxidation lokacin samarwa da amfani da shi, kuma yana inganta ƙarfinsa.
Fillers: irin su calcium carbonate, talcum foda, ana amfani da su don ƙara taurin da kwanciyar hankali na filastik, yayin da rage farashin samarwa.

3. Tsarin samar da filastik: amsawar polymerisation da fasahar gyare-gyare
Samar da robobi yawanci ya kasu kashi biyu: amsawar polymerisation da gyare-gyare. Monomers ana canza su zuwa polymers ta hanyar halayen sinadarai. Dangane da hanyar polymerisation, ana iya raba shi zuwa polymerisation na kyauta, polymerisation anionic, cationic polymerisation da copolymerisation. Bayan haka, ana sarrafa polymer ɗin zuwa samfuran da ake so ta hanyar gyare-gyaren allura, extrusion, busawa da sauran matakai.

Yin gyare-gyaren allura: Ana matse robobi mai zafi a cikin wani tsari da siffa, wanda aka saba amfani da shi wajen kera samfuran robobi da ake amfani da su yau da kullun.
Extrusion: Filastik yana mai zafi sannan kuma an kafa shi ta hanyar extrusion, wanda ya dace da yin samfuran ci gaba kamar bututu da fina-finai.
Yin gyare-gyare: Narkakken robobi ana yin busa ne kuma ana amfani da shi don yin abubuwa mara kyau kamar kwalabe.

4. Ci gaba Trend na eco-friendly robobi
Tare da haɓaka wayar da kan muhalli, mutane sun gabatar da ƙarin buƙatun muhalli don samarwa da amfani da robobi. Robobi masu lalacewa, robobin da aka yi amfani da su a rayuwa da kuma robobin da aka sake sarrafa su sun zama sabon alkiblar ci gaba.

Robobi masu lalacewa: irin su polylactic acid (PLA), ana iya lalata su a hankali zuwa carbon dioxide da ruwa a cikin yanayin yanayi.
Filayen robobi: polymers da aka yi daga albarkatun shuka, kamar masara da rake, ana samun su ta hanyar canjin halitta.
Roba da aka sake yin fa'ida: ta hanyar sake yin amfani da tsofaffin kayayyakin robobi, ta hanyar tsaftacewa, murƙushewa da gyare-gyare, ana sake amfani da su don samar da sabbin kayayyaki.

Kammalawa
Ta hanyar binciken da ke sama, za mu iya amsa tambaya a fili game da "abin da aka yi filastik": filastik an yi shi ne da polymers na roba da kuma wasu addittu daban-daban, ana sarrafa su ta hanyoyi daban-daban. Tare da ci gaban kimiyya da fasaha, haɓakar robobi masu dacewa da muhalli sannu a hankali yana canza dogaro ga robobin gargajiya, da haɓaka ci gaban masana'antar robobi a cikin ingantacciyar hanya mai dorewa.