Wani nau'i ne na filastik?

Filastik abu ne da ba makawa a rayuwarmu ta yau da kullun kuma yana mamaye kusan kowane bangare na rayuwarmu. Wani nau'i ne na filastik? Daga mahangar sinadarai, robobi wani nau'i ne na kayan aikin polymer na roba, wanda manyan abubuwan da suka hada da polymers. Wannan labarin zai yi nazari daki-daki game da abun da ke ciki da rabe-raben robobi da faffadan aikace-aikacensu a masana'antu daban-daban.
1. Haɗin kai da tsarin sinadarai na robobi

Don fahimtar abin da kayan filastik ke ciki, buƙatar farko don fahimtar abun da ke ciki. Filastik ana haifar da shi ta hanyar halayen polymerisation na abubuwan macromolecular, galibi sun ƙunshi carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur da sauran abubuwa. Wadannan abubuwa suna samar da tsarin sarkar dogayen, wanda aka sani da polymers, ta hanyar haɗin gwiwa. Dangane da tsarin sinadarai, ana iya raba robobi gida biyu: thermoplastics da thermosets.

Thermoplastics: Irin waɗannan nau'ikan robobi suna yin laushi idan sun zafi kuma suna komawa zuwa asalinsu idan aka sanyaya su, kuma maimaita dumama da sanyaya baya canza tsarin sinadarai. Abubuwan thermoplastics na yau da kullun sun haɗa da polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), da polyvinyl chloride (PVC).

Thermosetting robobi: Ba kamar thermoplastics, thermosetting robobi za su fuskanci haɗe-haɗe-haɗe-haɗe-haɗe-haɗe-haɗe bayan dumama na farko, samar da tsarin cibiyar sadarwa mai girma uku wanda ba mai narkewa kuma ba mai narkewa ba, don haka da zarar an ƙera su, ba za a iya sake gurɓata su ta dumama ba. Filayen robobi na thermoset sun haɗa da resin phenolic (PF), resin epoxy (EP), da sauransu.

2. Rarrabewa da aikace-aikacen robobi

Dangane da kaddarorinsu da aikace-aikacensu, ana iya raba robobi zuwa rukuni uku: robobi na gaba ɗaya, robobin injiniya da robobi na musamman.

Babban manufar robobi: irin su polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), da sauransu, ana amfani da su sosai a cikin kayan marufi, kayan gida da sauran filayen. Suna halin ƙananan farashi, matakan samar da balagagge kuma sun dace da samar da taro.

Injin robobi: irin su polycarbonate (PC), nailan (PA), da dai sauransu. Waɗannan robobi suna da kyawawan kaddarorin inji da juriya na zafi, kuma ana amfani da su sosai a cikin motoci, na'urorin lantarki da na lantarki, sassan injina da sauran filayen buƙata.

Robobi na musamman: irin su polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyether ether ketone (PEEK), da dai sauransu. Wadannan kayan yawanci suna da juriya na musamman na sinadarai, rufin lantarki ko yanayin zafi mai zafi, kuma ana amfani da su a sararin samaniya, kayan aikin likita da sauran filayen fasaha.

3. Fa'idodi da kalubalen Filastik

Filastik suna taka rawar da ba za a iya maye gurbinsu ba a cikin masana'antar zamani saboda ƙarancin nauyi, ƙarfin ƙarfi da sauƙin sarrafawa. Yin amfani da robobi kuma yana kawo ƙalubalen muhalli. Kamar yadda robobi ke da wuyar lalacewa, robobin datti na da matukar tasiri ga muhalli, don haka sake yin amfani da robobi da sake amfani da su ya zama abin damuwa a duniya.
A cikin masana'antu, masu bincike suna haɓaka sabbin robobi masu yuwuwa da nufin rage haɗarin muhalli na sharar filastik. Har ila yau, fasahohin sake yin amfani da robobi suna ci gaba, kuma ana sa ran waɗannan fasahohin za su rage farashin samar da robobi da kuma matsalolin muhalli.

Kammalawa

Filastik wani nau'in abu ne na polymer wanda aka yi da ƙwayoyin polymers, waɗanda za a iya rarraba su zuwa robobi na thermoplastic da thermosetting robobi bisa ga tsarin sinadarai daban-daban da wuraren aikace-aikace. Tare da haɓakar fasaha, nau'ikan da aikace-aikacen filastik suna haɓaka, amma matsalolin muhalli da suke kawowa ba za a iya watsi da su ba. Fahimtar abubuwan da ke tattare da robobi ba kawai zai taimaka mana mu fi amfani da wannan kayan ba, har ma da inganta mu don gano rawar da yake takawa a cikin ci gaba mai dorewa.