Wannan labarin zai bincika manyan samfuran a cikin sarkar masana'antu C3 da kuma sakamakon bincike na yanzu da haɓaka fasaha.

(1)Matsayi na yanzu da kuma abubuwan ci gaba na Polypropylene (PP)

Dangane da bincikenmu, akwai hanyoyi da yawa don samar da polypropylene (PP) a China, wanda ya fi mahimmancin tsarin aikin Lyondellbasell Company, Inn Oripolein tsari na INOS, tsari na yau da kullun na kamfanin sinadarai na Nordic, da kuma sperizone tsari na Lyondellbasell kamfanin. Hakanan kamfanonin PP ne suke karbe wadannan matakan. Waɗannan kimiyoyi galibi suna sarrafa canjin canjin na propylene a cikin kewayon 1.01-1.02.

Tsarin bututun tsinkaye na cikin gida yana aiwatar da haɓakar kuzarin Zn da kansa ya inganta, a halin yanzu mamaye fasahar bututun zobe a yanzu. Wannan tsari ya dogara da kai tsaye ne da ke haifar da mai gabatar da kayayyakin wasan kwaikwayo, da kuma fasahohin Propymerization, da kuma tasiri Propymerization Pp. Misali, kamfanoni kamar layin uku na Shanghai Petrachemical, da Zhening da layin sunadarai na farko da na biyu, da lalata layi na biyu duk sun yi amfani da wannan tsari. Tare da karuwar sabbin wuraren samarwa a nan gaba, ana sa ran aiwatar da tsarin bututun muhalli na uku na uku.

The Unipol process can industrially produce homopolymers, with a melt flow rate (MFR) range of 0.5~100g/10min. Bugu da kari, da kashi na kashi na Ethyler na Ethyler Monomers a cikin bazuwar coplymers zai iya kaiwa 5.5%. Wannan tsari zai iya samar da copolymer na masana'antu na propylene da 1-butene (Sunan CE-for), tare da murhun kashi na roba na 14%. Kashi na ethylene a cikin tasirin copolymer wanda aka samar ta hanyar da Unipol tsari zai iya kaiwa 21% (kashi mai yawa na roba shine 35%). An yi amfani da tsarin a cikin wuraren masana'antu kamar yadda Fushun petrochemical da Sicuan petrochemical.

Tsarin innovene zai iya samar da samfuran nomopolemer tare da yawan narkewar ruwa (MFR), wanda zai kai 0.500G / 10min. Samfurin sa ya fi na sauran hanyoyin sarrafa gas. Mfr na samfuran da aka ba da izini shine 2-35g / 10min, tare da wani yanki na ethylene jere daga 7% zuwa 8%. Mfr na tasiri kayayyakin ne 1-35g / 10min, tare da wani yanki na ethylene jere daga 5% zuwa 17%.

A halin yanzu, babbar fasahar samar da PP a China tayi girma sosai. Takearfafa masana'antar oilicropylene a matsayin misali, babu wani muhimmin bambanci a cikin abubuwan da ake amfani da su samarwa, farashi, riba, da sauransu. Daga hangamar sarrafawa ta hanyar samarwa da matakai daban-daban, hanyoyin manyan tafiyar matakai na iya rufe dukkan samfuran samfur ɗin. Koyaya, la'akari da nau'ikan fitarwa na masana'antu, akwai bambance-bambance masu mahimmanci a cikin samfuran PP waɗanda ke da abubuwan da suka shafi ƙasa, kamar kayan fasahar ƙasa, da kayan ƙasa.

(2)Matsayi na yanzu da ci gaban fasahar acrylic acid

Acrylic acid shine mahimmin abu na masarufi na kwayoyin halitta a cikin samar da kayan adhere da ruwa mai narkewa, kuma ana yawanci ana sarrafa shi cikin bututun mai amfani da kayayyaki. Dangane da bincike, akwai hanyoyin samarwa da acrylic acid, ciki har da hanyar da aka gabatar, etnlaneol Etannol hanya, utzeThyde endomation, ethylene istspepe, phyllelation shaye shaye, da kuma ilimin ohylene hanya. Kodayake akwai dabarun shirye-shirye daban-daban don acrylic acid, kuma yawancinsu tsari na samar da abu a duk duniya har yanzu ana amfani da iskar shaka ta kan proselene zuwa tsarin acid na acid.

Ruwan kayan don samar da acrylic acid ta hanyar opylele oxidation propylene ya hada da tururin ruwa, iska, da kuma propylene. A lokacin aiwatar da samarwa, waɗannan ukun da ke yin iskar iskar iskar istsation ta hanyar da ke kan gado a cikin wani abu mai yawa. Propylene shine farkon oxidized ga acrolein a cikin reomator mai amsawa, sannan karin iskar oxidized zuwa acrylic acid a cikin reactor reactor. Vapor Vapor yana taka rawa a cikin wannan tsari, guje wa faruwar fashewar da kuma hana ƙarar halayen halayen. Koyaya, ban da samar da acrylic acid, wannan tsarin aiwatar kuma yana samar da acid acetic da carbon up acid ba saboda halayen bangarorin.

A cewar binciken Pingtou Ge's, mabuɗin Gene a cikin fasahar acrylic acidation na fasahar kututture na kayan haushi na kayan shaye shaye na haushi. A halin yanzu, kamfanoni waɗanda zasu iya samar da fasahar acid ta propylene hadin shaye-shaye sun hada da Sifen da kamfanin Kamfanin Jamus, Basf a Jamus, da fasahar Japan.

Tsarin Sehio a cikin Amurka muhimmiyar tsari ne don hadeci acrylic acid ta propylene, iska, da tururi a cikin jerin gwal, da kuma amfani da mo-sp-m karfe oxides a matsayin mai kara kuzari, bi da bi. A karkashin wannan hanyar, hanya ɗaya ta samar da samar da acrylic acid zai iya kai kusan kashi 80% (Molar rabo). Amfanin SOHIO shine cewa masu ba da sabis guda biyu na iya ƙara kasancewa mai kara kuzari na mai kara kuzari, kai har zuwa shekaru 2. Koyaya, wannan hanyar tana da hasara wacce ba za a iya dawo da su ba.

Hanyar Basf: tun daga ƙarshen 1960s, Basf yana gudanar da bincike kan samar da acrylic acid ta hanyar hade da iskar shaka ta prosedlene. The BASF method uses Mo Bi or Mo Co catalysts for propylene oxidation reaction, and the one-way yield of acrolein obtained can reach about 80% (molar ratio). Bayan haka, ta amfani da Mo, W, v, An inganta Casteral mai, acrolein da acidic acid, tare da matsakaicin hanya ɗaya da ke samar da kimanin 90% (Molar rabo). A rayuwa mai kara ta hanyar Hanyar Basf zata iya kai shekaru 4 kuma tsari mai sauki ne. Koyaya, wannan hanyar tana da koma baya kamar manyan abubuwan da aka warware tafasasshen manufa, kayan aiki akai-akai, da kuma yawan makamashi gaba ɗaya.

Hanyar mai kara kuzari: tsayayyen masu gyara biyu a cikin jerin da kuma ana amfani da tsarin rabon gado guda biyu. Mataki na farko shine infistrate co a cikin m bit mai kara kuzari kamar yadda mai kara kuzari, sannan kuma silica ya goyan baya da jagorantar Monoxide. A ƙarƙashin wannan tsari, hanya ɗaya ta samar da acrylic acid ne kimanin 83-86% (Molar rabo). Hanyar mai kara mai kara ta Japan ta yi rikodin da aka daidaita da aka daidaita a gado mai tsayayyen gado da kuma tsarin sarauta na 7-Tower, tare da yawan yawan ci gaba, da kuma yawan amfani da makamashi. Wannan hanyar a halin yanzu daya daga cikin hanyoyin samar da samarwa, a kan par tare da tsarin Mitsubishi a Japan.

(3)Matsayi na yanzu da ci gaban fasahar butyl acrylate

ButyL acrylate wani ruwa ne mai launi wanda yake cikin ruwa da insolble cikin ruwa kuma ana iya haɗe shi da ethanol da ether. Wannan fili yana buƙatar adana shi a cikin shagon da ke cikin sanyi da iska. Acrylic acid da kuma ta yi amfani da esters da yawa a masana'antu. Ba a yi amfani da su kawai don samar da kayan monomers mai laushi na acrylate da yawa dangane da kayan marmari na tushen da aka yi amfani da su ba kuma ana amfani da su azaman kayan kwalliya na kwastomomi.

A halin yanzu, tsarin samar da butyl aci ya ƙunshi dauki na acrylic acid da beanol a gaban Toluene sulfonic acid da ruwa. Haɗin shiga da ke tattare da wannan tsari shine abin da ake bayyanar da hankali, da kuma tafasa na acrylic acid da samfurin butyl suna kusa. Sabili da haka, yana da wuya a raba acrylic acid ta amfani da distillation, kuma acrylic acid ba zai sake amfani da shi ba.

Ana kiran wannan tsari ButyL acrylate hanyar haɗi daban-daban, akasarin daga Cibiyar Kafa ta Jilin Petrachical Petiting da sauran cibiyoyin da suka danganta. Wannan fasahar ta riga ta balaga ce, da kuma ikon amfani da kayan cin abinci don acrylic acid da n-butanya daidai ne, damar sarrafa rukunin da ke cikin 0.6. Haka kuma, wannan fasaha ta riga ta sami haɗin gwiwa da canja wuri.

(4)Matsayi na yanzu da ci gaban fasahar CPP

An yi fim ɗin CPP ne daga Polypropylene kamar yadda babban albarkatun kasa ta hanyar takamaiman hanyoyin sarrafawa kamar T-dimbin mutu mutu fadi. Wannan fim ɗin yana da kyakkyawan hese juriya kuma, saboda ta daɗaɗɗan kayan masarufi mai saurin sanyaya, na iya samar da kyakkyawan daidaitawa da nuna gaskiya. Sabili da haka, don shirya tattarawa aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar babban bayani, fim ɗin CPP shine kayan da aka fi so. Mafi yawan yaduwa na yaduwa na fim ɗin CPP yana cikin marufin abinci, kazalika a cikin samar da kayan kwalliya, fanko na magunguna, da kuma adana 'ya'yan itatuwa da kayan marmari.

A halin yanzu, tsarin samar da CPP Failms shine galibi courrusion jefa. Wannan tsarin samar da wannan tsari ya ƙunshi masu fashewa da yawa, masu rarraba tashoshin da yawa (wanda aka saba sansu da tsarin, a kwance tsarin mutuwa, oscilators, da tsarin winding. Babban halaye na wannan tsari samar ne mai kyau farfajiya, maka mai kauri, ƙarancin kauri mai kyau, sassauya mai kyau, da kyakkyawar gaskiya na samfuran fim na bakin ciki. Yawancin masana'antun duniya na CPP suna amfani da hanyar bugun kafa don samarwa, kuma fasahar kayan aiki ta girma.

Tun daga shekarun 1980s, China ta fara gabatar da kayan aikin samar da kayan aikin waje na waje, amma akasarin su sune tushe-tsarin kuma suna cikin matakin farko. Bayan ya shiga cikin 1990s, China ta gabatar da layin Polymer da yawa na Polymer-Layer na jerin gwano daga kasashe kamar Jamus, Japan, Italiya, da Austria. Wadannan kayan aiki da ke shigo da su sune babban karfin masana'antar fim din kasar Sin. Masu samar da kayan aikin sun hada da Bugun, Barfield, Leishefield, Leifenfiel, da Orchid na Austria. Tun daga 2000, China ta gabatar da hanyoyin samar da kayayyaki ci gaba, kuma kayan aikin da aka samar da su sosai kuma dandana ci gaba da sauri.

Koyaya, idan aka kwatanta da matakin ci gaba na duniya, har yanzu akwai wani rata a matakin sarrafa kansa, yana ɗaukar tsarin daidaitawa ta atomatik, da kuma tasowar kayan aikin fim ɗin na gida. A halin yanzu, manyan kayayyaki na fasaha sun hada da nasarar Jamus, baiwa, da Lanzin Austria, a tsakanin sauran. Wadannan masu kafofin kasashen waje suna da fa'idodi masu mahimmanci dangane da aiki da kai da sauran bangarori. Koyaya, tsarin yanzu ya riga ya girma ya girma, kuma haɓaka fasahar kayan aiki ta yi jinkirin, kuma babu wani gefen mai haɗin gwiwa don hadin gwiwa.

(5)Matsayi na yanzu da ci gaban fasahar kerrylonitrile

Propyleleme Ammomia fasaha a yanzu a halin yanzu shine babban hanyar samarwa na kasuwanci don acrylonitrile, kuma kusan dukkanin masana'antun kadada ke amfani da BP (SOHIO) masu conlysts. Koyaya, akwai kuma wasu masu ba da wasu masu samar da masu kudi da zasu zaɓi, kamar Mitsubishi Rayon (da tsohon nitto) da Asahi Kasei daga Japan, da Asahi Kasei) daga Amurka, da Seciopec.

Fiye da kashi 95% na tsire-tsire na ciyawar duniya suna amfani da fasahar opylene ammonia ammomidation (wanda aka sani da aikin sohio da bp. Wannan fasaha tana amfani da propylene, ammonia, iska, da ruwa kamar kayan abinci, da kuma shiga ɓataccen kayan aiki. A karkashin aikin phosphorus molybdenum bismuth ko antalarfin makamancin wannan mai kula da silica gel, acrylonitrile an samar da shi a zazzabi na 400-500℃da matsi na atmospheria. Bayan haka, bayan jerin tsinkaye, sha, hakar, distercyancation, da distillation matakai, an samo samfurin ƙarshe. Hanyar da ke yawan amfanin ƙasa ta wannan hanyar na iya kaiwa 75%, kuma samfuran samfuran sun haɗa da acetonida, da kuma sulberide sulfate. Wannan hanyar tana da mafi girman darajar masana'antu mafi girma.

Tun daga 1984, Sifopec ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar dogon lokaci tare da INOS kuma an ba shi izini don amfani da INOS fasahar Vrylonitrile a China. Bayan shekaru na ci gaba, Sifopec Shanghaimical Binciken Bincike Petroachemical Petrochemolical ya samu nasarar samar da iskar shaye-shaye don samar da kaddara ta 20000 ton kumar ta recrylonec. An sami nasarar aiwatar da aikin a cikin Janairun a Janairu 2014, yana kara karfin samarwa na shekara-shekara na bondran ton 80000 zuwa kashi 210000, zama muhimmin bangare na tushen samar da kayana.

A halin yanzu, kamfanoni a duk duniya tare da kayan kwastomomi na propylene ammomidation da fasaha na oxidanation sun hada da BP, da Dupont, INOS, Asaah kemuse, da Sifopec. Wannan tsari na samar da girma ne kuma mai sauƙin samu, kuma China ma ya sami nasarar rarrabuwa da wannan fasahar, kuma aikinsa bai yi rauni ga fasahar samar da kasashen waje ba.

(6)Matsayi na yanzu da ci gaban kayan fasahar

Dangane da binciken, tsarin aiwatarwa na hanyar na'urar ya kasushi mafi yawan ragewa zuwa hanyar grophing grouping da ci gaba da babban hanyar. Abs resin ya bunkasa dangane da gyaran polystyrene. A shekara ta 1947, kamfanin roba na Amurka ya ɗauki tsari na Amurka don cimma nasarar samar da masana'antu na masana'antu; A shekara ta 1954, kamfanin Borg-Wamer a cikin Amurka ya ci gaba da ɗibi mai ruwan kwalliya a hannun Resin kuma an samar da masana'antu da aka samu. Bayyanar grafing grafing ya inganta saurin ci gaban Abs masana'antu. Tun daga shekarun 1970, fasahar samar da kayan aikin Abs Abs ya sami babban ci gaba.

Hanyar grafing mai ɗanɗano tsari ne mai ci gaba, wanda ya hada da matakai hudu: tsarin aikin pyraft, da kuma pythlesis na graft, da kuma hadin gwiwar polyres, da kuma kula da post. Takamaiman tsarin tsari ya haɗa da PBL na PBL, grafting na grafting, San Unit, da kuma hade rukunin. Wannan tsari na samar yana da babban matakin balaga kuma an yi amfani dashi a duk duniya.

A halin yanzu, balagagge abar fasahar yakan fito ne daga kamfanoni kamar LG a cikin Koriya ta Kisa, Dow a cikin Koriya ta Koriya ta Kollog a Amurka, duk wanda ke da matakin duniya na balaga na fasaha. Tare da ci gaba da ci gaban fasaha, tsari samar da Abincin Abs shima yana inganta da inganta. A nan gaba, mafi inganci, haɓaka yanayin yanayi, da kuma hanyoyin samar da makamashi na iya fitowa, haɓaka ƙarin damar da ƙalubale ga ci gaban masana'antar sinadarai.

(7)Matsayin fasaha da ci gaba na n-beanol

A cewar lura, fasahar babban fasaha ga synthanyis na beanol da optalol a duk duniya shine ruwa-cyclic na ruwa mai saukar ungulu. Babban kayan abinci na wannan tsari shine propylene da kuma gyaran gas. Daga gare su, propylene yafi zo daga hadin kai kai, tare da naúrar amfani da propylene tsakanin 0.6 da 0.62 tan. Roba na roba ana shirya shi sosai daga gas mai ƙamshin ko mai na roba, tare da yawan amfani tsakanin 700 zuwa 720 mai siffar sukari.

Fasahar Carbonyl ta ci gaba da fasaha ta dow / David - tsarin kewaya ruwa na zamani, da rage yawan sabis na mai tsayi. A halin yanzu wannan tsari a halin yanzu shine fasahar samarwa kuma ana amfani dashi sosai a cikin kamfanonin Sinanci da Ofit.

La'akari da cewa DON / Dauda Fasaha ba ta girma kuma ana iya amfani dashi wajen yin hadin gwiwa da kamfanonin gida yayin zabar hannun jari na Octanol, mai biyo baya.

(8)Matsayi na yanzu da ci gaban fasahar Polyaclloni

Ana samun Polyaklonitrile (kwanon rufi ta hanyar polymerization na waka kuma shine mafi kyawun matsakaici a cikin shirye-shiryen kuturta (acrylic fibrylonitrile fiber. Ya bayyana a cikin farin ko dan kadan launin rawaya opaque foda, tare da gilashin zazzabi na kimanin 90℃. Ana iya narkar da shi a cikin polar kwayoyin cuta na polar (DMF) da Dimfyl sulfoxide (DMSThyl sults na Inorganic socyanate da kuma asara. Shirye-shiryen Polyacrylonitrile wanda ya shafi polemization na ruwa ko ruwa na ruwa na biyu tare da na biyu monomers.

Ana amfani da Polyacrylonitrile don ƙera ƙwallan acrylic, waɗanda aka yi fibers na roba da aka yi daga copylonmers tare da kashi ɗaya cikin adadin fiye da kashi 85%. Dangane da abubuwan da aka yi amfani da su a tsarin samarwa, ana iya rarrabe su a matsayin Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMOC), Siskyl Pretwide (DMF). Babban bambanci tsakanin abubuwa daban-daban shine karamarsu a cikin Polyacklonitrile, wanda ba shi da tasiri akan takamaiman tsarin samar da polymeriation. Bugu da kari, bisa ga daban-daban comonomers, ana iya raba su cikin iceryic acid (ia), ucylillide (na), da sauransu suna da tasiri daban-daban akan katunan kuma Kayan aikin kayan aikin polymerization.

Tsarin tarawa na iya zama mataki daya ko biyu. Hanyoyi mataki guda yana nufin polymerization na acrylonitrile da comonomers a cikin yanayin mafita lokaci ɗaya, kuma za a iya shirya samfuran kai tsaye zuwa maganin shafa ba tare da rabuwa ba. Jama'ar mataki biyu ke nufin dakatar da dakatarwa da comonomer a cikin ruwa don samun polymer, wanda aka raba, an sha, da bushe, da sauran matakai don samar da bayani mai narkewa. A halin yanzu, tsarin samar da Polyacrylonitrile yana da asali iri ɗaya, tare da bambanci a cikin hanyoyin polymerization da conomers. A halin yanzu, mafi yawan zaruruwa na Polyacryrile a cikin kasashe daban-daban na duniya an yi su ne daga 90% da ƙari monomer na biyu monymer jere daga 5% zuwa 8%. Dalilin ƙara a biyu monomer shine haɓaka ƙarfin na inji, elasticity, da kuma sihiri na zaruruwa, da kuma inganta ayyukan fenti. Hanyoyin da aka saba amfani dasu sun haɗa da MMA, Ma, Vinyl Acetate, da sauransu adadin na uku monomrophilic kungiyoyi don ƙara kusancin zaruruwa da Dyes, waɗanda suke Raba cikin rukuni na Cayin na Cayinic da ƙungiyoyin 'yan acidic.

A halin yanzu, Japan shine babban wakilin tsarin duniya na Polyacrylonitrile, ƙasashe ne da ƙasashe kamar Jamus da Amurka suka biyo baya. Kamfanin Wakilai sun hada da Zoltek, Hextcel, Cytec da Aldila daga Japan, Dongbang, Mitsubishi da kuma farfado daga Jamus, China, China. A halin yanzu, fasahar tsarin samar da kayan duniya na Polyacklonitrile ya girma, kuma babu ɗakuna da yawa don haɓaka samfurin.