Sunan samfur:polyurethane

Tsarin kwayoyin halitta:

Abubuwan Sinadarai:

Dokta Otto Bayer ya fara samar da polyurethane kuma ya bincika a cikin 1937. Polyurethane shine polymer wanda sashin maimaitawa ya ƙunshi ƙwayar urethane. Urethanes su ne abubuwan da suka samo asali na carbamic acid waɗanda ke wanzuwa kawai ta hanyar esters [15]. Babban fa'idar PU shine cewa sarkar ba ta ƙunshi keɓaɓɓun atom ɗin carbon ba amma maimakon heteroatoms, oxygen, carbon da nitrogen[4]. Don aikace-aikacen masana'antu, ana iya amfani da fili na polyhydroxyl. Hakazalika, ana iya amfani da mahaɗan nitrogen na poly-aikin a cikin haɗin gwiwar amide. Ta hanyar canzawa da bambanta polyhydroxyl da polyfunctional nitrogen mahadi, ana iya haɗa PU daban-daban[15]. Polyester ko polyether resins dauke da kungiyoyin hydroxyl ana amfani da su don samar da polyesteror polyether-PU, bi da bi [6]. Bambance-bambance a cikin adadin maye gurbin da tazara tsakanin da tsakanin sarƙoƙin reshe suna samar da PUs daga layin layi zuwa reshe da 9exible zuwa m. Ana amfani da PUs na layi don kera zaruruwa da gyare-gyare[6]. Ana amfani da PUs masu sassauƙa wajen samar da abubuwan ɗaure da sutura[5]. Robobi masu sassauƙa da tsattsauran ra'ayi, waɗanda ke yin yawancin PUs da aka samar, ana iya samun su ta nau'i daban-daban a cikin masana'antu[7]. Yin amfani da ƙananan ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin prepolymers, ana iya samar da copolymers daban-daban. Ƙungiyar hydroxyl ta ƙarshe tana ba da damar canza tubalan, da ake kira sassan, don sakawa cikin sarkar PU. Bambance-bambance a cikin waɗannan sassan yana haifar da mabambantan matakan ƙarfi da elasticity. Tubalan da ke ba da tsayayyen lokaci na crystalline da ƙunshe da sarƙoƙi ana kiransu da sassa masu wuya[7]. Waɗanda ke ba da lokaci na rubbery mai amorphous kuma suna ɗauke da polyester/polyether ana kiran su sassa masu laushi. A kasuwanci, waɗannan toshe polymers ana kiran su da Segmented Pus

Aikace-aikace:

Polyurethane mai sassauƙa shine galibi tsarin layi tare da thermoplasticity, wanda ke da mafi kyawun kwanciyar hankali, juriya na sinadarai, juriya da kaddarorin injin fiye da kumfa PVC, tare da ƙarancin matsawa. Yana da kyawawa mai kyau na thermal, sautin sauti, juriya da kaddarorin masu guba. Saboda haka, ana amfani da shi azaman marufi, sautin sauti da kayan tacewa. Filastik polyurethane mai ƙarfi shine haske, sautin sauti, ingantaccen rufin thermal, juriya na sinadarai, kyawawan kayan lantarki, sauƙin sarrafawa, da ƙarancin sha ruwa. An fi amfani da shi azaman kayan gini don gini, mota, masana'antar jirgin sama, rufin zafi da kuma rufin zafi. Ayyukan elastomer na polyurethane tsakanin filastik da roba, juriya mai, juriya juriya, juriya mai ƙarancin zafin jiki, juriya tsufa, babban taurin, elasticity. An fi amfani dashi a masana'antar takalma da masana'antar likitanci. Hakanan za'a iya yin polyurethane ta zama adhesives, sutura, fata na roba, da sauransu.