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Sunan samfur:Ethanol
Tsarin kwayoyin halitta:C2H6O
CAS No:64-17-5
Tsarin kwayoyin halitta:
Ethanol yana da narkewa sosai a cikin ruwa da abubuwan kaushi na halitta, amma ba shi da ƙarfi a cikin mai da mai. Ethanol da kansa yana da ƙarfi mai kyau, wanda ake amfani dashi a kayan shafawa, fenti da tinctures[2]. Yawan ethanol a 68 ° F (20 ° C) shine 789 g/l. Ethanol mai tsabta yana tsaka tsaki (pH ~ 7). Yawancin abubuwan giya sun fi ko ƙasa da acidic.
Ethanol/ethyl barasa ruwa ne mai ƙonewa sosai, hygroscopic, kuma cikakke a cikin ruwa. Ethanol bai dace da adadi mai yawa na sinadarai irin su magunguna masu ƙarfi, acid, alkali karafa, ammonia, hydrazine, peroxides, sodium, acid anhydrides, calcium hypochlorite, chromyl chloride, nitrosyl perchlorate, bromine pentafluoride, perchloric acid, nitrate azurfa, mercuric acid. nitrate, potassium tert-butoxide, magnesium perchlorate, acid chlorides, platinum, uranium hexafluoride, azurfa oxide, iodine heptafluoride, acetyl bromide, disulphuryl difluoride, acetyl chloride, permanganic acid, ruthenium (VIII) oxide, uranyl perchlorate, da potassium dioxide.
Likita
Maganin kashi 70-85% na ethanol ana yawan amfani dashi azaman maganin kashe kwayoyin cuta kuma yana kashe kwayoyin halitta ta hanyar hana sunadaran su da narkar da lipids. Yana da tasiri akan yawancin ƙwayoyin cuta da fungi, da ƙwayoyin cuta da yawa, amma ba shi da tasiri a kan ƙwayoyin cuta. Wannan kayan maye na ethanol shine dalilin cewa ana iya adana abubuwan giya na dogon lokaci[9]. Ethanol kuma yana da amfani da yawa na likitanci, kuma ana iya samunsa a cikin samfura kamar magunguna, goge-goge na likitanci da azaman maganin kashe-kashe a yawancin gels sanitizer na hannu. Hakanan ana iya amfani da Ethal azaman maganin rigakafi. Yana hana haɓakar ƙwayoyin metabolites masu guba a cikin ingestion na barasa mai guba ta hanyar samun kusanci ga enzyme Alcohol Dehydrogenase (ADH). Babban amfani da shi shine a cikin methanol da ethylene glycol ingestions. Ana iya gudanar da Ethanol ta hanyar baka, nasogastric ko hanyar jijiya don kula da ƙwayar ethanol na jini na 100-150 mg/dl (22-33 mol/L).
Mai
Ethanol yana ƙonewa kuma yana ƙonewa da tsabta fiye da sauran man fetur. An yi amfani da Ethanol a cikin motoci tun lokacin da Henry Ford ya tsara Model T na 1908 don yin aiki akan barasa. A Brazil da Amurka, an inganta amfani da ethanol daga rake da hatsi a matsayin man mota ta shirye-shiryen gwamnati[11]. Shirin ethanol na Brazil ya fara ne a matsayin wata hanya ta rage dogaro ga shigo da mai, amma ba da daɗewa ba aka gane cewa yana da muhimman fa'idodin muhalli da zamantakewa[12]. Abubuwan da aka kone su na ethanol sune kawai carbon dioxide da ruwa. Saboda wannan dalili, yana da alaƙa da muhalli kuma an yi amfani da shi don hako motocin jama'a a Amurka. Koyaya, ethanol mai tsabta yana kai hari ga wasu kayan roba da robobi kuma ba za a iya amfani da su a cikin injunan mota da ba a canza su ba.
Madadin man fetur na barasa wanda aka haɗe shi da mai don samar da mai tare da ƙimar octane mafi girma da ƙarancin hayaki mai cutarwa fiye da mai da ba a haɗa shi ba. Cakuda da ke ɗauke da fetur mai aƙalla 10% ethanol ana kiransa gasohol. Musamman, man fetur da 10% ethanol abun ciki an san shi da E10. Wani bambance-bambancen gasohol na yau da kullun shine E15, wanda ya ƙunshi 15% ethanol da 85% mai. E15 ya dace kawai don amfani a cikin motocin Flex Fuel ko kaɗan kaɗan na sabbin motocin[14]. Bugu da ƙari, E85 kalma ce da ake amfani da ita don cakuda man fetur 15% da 85% ethanol. E85 yana kiyaye tsarin mai mai tsabta saboda yana ƙone mai tsabta fiye da gas ko dizal na yau da kullun kuma baya barin ma'ajin gummi. Tun daga shekarar samfurin 1999, an kera motoci da yawa a cikin Amurka don su sami damar aiki akan mai E85 ba tare da gyara ba. Wadannan motocin galibi ana yiwa lakabi da man fetur biyu ko masu sassauƙa, tunda suna iya gano nau'in mai ta atomatik kuma su canza halayen injin don rama nau'ikan hanyoyin da suke ƙonewa a cikin injin silinda.
Amfani da gaurayawar man fetur na ethanol-dizal yana karuwa a duniya, kuma an tsara su don samar da sabbin man fetur da za a iya sabuntawa, mafi tsaftar kona don kayan aikin kashe-kashe, motocin bas, manyan motoci da sauran motocin da ke amfani da man dizal. Tare da ƙari na ethanol da sauran abubuwan da ake ƙara man fetur zuwa dizal, an kawar da halayen baƙar fata na diesel kuma akwai raguwa mai yawa a cikin kwayoyin halitta, carbon monoxide, da iskar nitrogen oxide. Hakanan yana yiwuwa a yi amfani da ethanol don dafa abinci a matsayin maye gurbin itace, gawayi, propane, ko a madadin makamashin hasken wuta, kamar kananzir.
Brazil da Amurka ne ke jagorantar samar da man ethanol na masana'antu, tare da yin lissafin kashi 89% na abin da ake samarwa a duniya a cikin 2008. Idan aka kwatanta da Amurka da Brazil, ethanol na Turai don samar da mai yana da daraja sosai. Brazil ita ce kasa ta biyu a duniya wajen samar da man ethanol kuma mafi girma a duniya wajen fitar da man fetur.
Abin sha
Ana samar da adadi mai yawa na ethanol don shaye-shaye da kasuwannin masana'antu daga kayan amfanin gona. Ethanol da aka samar don waɗannan masana'antu ya bambanta da ethanol don man fetur kawai a cikin ƙarfinsa, wanda zai iya bambanta tsakanin 96% da 99.9% kuma a cikin tsarkinsa, dangane da ƙarshen amfani. Masana'antar abin sha da abubuwan sha na iya zama sanannen ƙarshen mai amfani da ethanol. Ana amfani da shi don yin ruhohi iri-iri, irin su vodka, gin da anisette. Ana buƙatar manyan matakai da matakai don ethanal da aka yi amfani da su wajen samar da abubuwan sha na ruhu.
Wasu
Ethanol da aka yi amfani da shi azaman tsaka-tsakin samfur ta hanyar sinadarai, magunguna ko masana'antar kayan kwalliya a yawancin lokuta na mafi girman inganci kuma mafi tsafta. Waɗannan kasuwanni ne masu ƙima saboda ƙarin matakai a cikin tsarin samar da barasa waɗanda suka wajaba don cimma tsarkin da ake buƙata. Matsayi iri ɗaya da buƙatun tsabta suna aiki a masana'antar abinci, kamar abubuwan dandano da hakar ƙamshi da yawa, da fenti da ma'aunin zafi da sanyio. Ana iya amfani da Ethanol a cikin de-icer ko anti-daskare don share gilashin mota. Hakanan yana kunshe da turare, deodorants, da sauran kayan kwalliya
Chemwin na iya samar da nau'ikan nau'ikan hydrocarbons da abubuwan kaushi na sinadarai don abokan cinikin masana'antu.Kafin wannan, da fatan za a karanta mahimman bayanai masu zuwa game da yin kasuwanci tare da mu:
1. Tsaro
Tsaro shine babban fifikonmu. Baya ga samar wa abokan ciniki bayanai game da aminci da amincin amfani da samfuran mu, mun kuma jajirce wajen tabbatar da cewa an rage haɗarin aminci na ma'aikata da 'yan kwangila zuwa mafi ƙanƙanta mai yuwuwa. Sabili da haka, muna buƙatar abokin ciniki don tabbatar da cewa an cika daidaitattun ƙa'idodin saukarwa da aminci na ajiya kafin isar da mu (da fatan za a koma zuwa ƙarin bayanin HSSE a cikin sharuɗɗan tallace-tallace na gaba ɗaya da ke ƙasa). Kwararrun mu na HSSE na iya ba da jagora akan waɗannan ƙa'idodi.
2. Hanyar bayarwa
Abokan ciniki na iya yin oda da isar da kayayyaki daga chemwin, ko kuma za su iya karɓar samfuran daga masana'antar masana'anta. Hanyoyin sufurin da ake da su sun haɗa da manyan motoci, jirgin ƙasa ko jigilar kayayyaki da yawa (sharuɗɗan daban sun shafi).
Game da buƙatun abokin ciniki, za mu iya ƙididdige buƙatun jiragen ruwa ko tankuna da amfani da ƙa'idodin aminci / bita na musamman da buƙatu.
3. Mafi ƙarancin tsari
Idan ka sayi samfura daga gidan yanar gizon mu, mafi ƙarancin tsari shine ton 30.
4.Biyan kuɗi
Daidaitaccen hanyar biyan kuɗi shine cirewa kai tsaye a cikin kwanaki 30 daga daftari.
5. Takardun bayarwa
Ana ba da waɗannan takaddun tare da kowace bayarwa:
Bill of Lading, CMR Waybill ko wasu takaddun jigilar kayayyaki masu dacewa
Takaddun Takaddun Bincike ko Daidaitawa (idan an buƙata)
Takaddun da ke da alaƙa da HSSE daidai da ƙa'idodi
Takaddun kwastam daidai da ka'idoji (idan an buƙata)