A kasuwannin kasar Sin, tsarin samar da MMA ya kai kusan nau'i shida, kuma wadannan matakai sun kasance masana'antu.Koyaya, yanayin gasa na MMA ya bambanta sosai tsakanin matakai daban-daban.

A halin yanzu, akwai manyan hanyoyin samarwa guda uku don MMA:

Hanyar cyanohydrin acetone (Hanya ACH): Wannan shine ɗayan farkon hanyoyin samar da masana'antu, tare da balagaggen fasaha da sauƙin aiki.

Hanyar Ethylene carbonylation: Wannan sabon tsari ne na samarwa tare da ingantaccen amsawa da ingancin samfur.

Hanyar iskar oxygen ta Isobutene (Hanya C4): Wannan tsari ne na samarwa wanda ya dogara ne akan lalatawar oxidative na butene, tare da sauƙin samun albarkatun ƙasa da ƙananan farashi.

A bisa wadannan matakai guda uku, akwai ingantattun hanyoyin samar da kayayyaki guda uku kamar haka:

Ingantacciyar hanyar ACH: Ta hanyar inganta yanayin amsawa da kayan aiki, an inganta yawan amfanin ƙasa da ingancin samfur.

Hanyar acetic acid: Wannan tsari yana amfani da acid acetic acid a matsayin danyen abu, kuma ba a zubar da sharar gida guda uku a lokacin aikin samar da shi, yana sa ya zama mai dacewa da muhalli.

Ayyukan BASF da Lucite, waɗanda galibi ke wakilta da sunan kamfani, sun sami haɓaka fasaha na musamman dangane da halayen masana'antar su, tare da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun fa'idodi da fa'ida.

A halin yanzu, wadannan matakai guda shida na samar da kayayyaki sun sami nasarar samar da raka'a mai nauyin tan 10000 ko fiye a kasar Sin.Koyaya, gasa tsakanin matakai daban-daban ya bambanta sosai saboda dalilai kamar halayensu da farashi.A nan gaba, tare da ci gaban fasaha da ci gaban kasuwa, yanayin gasa na waɗannan hanyoyin samarwa na iya canzawa.

A sa'i daya kuma, yana da muhimmanci a ambaci cewa, a cikin watan Satumba na shekarar 2022, sashen nunin masana'antu na methanol acetic acid mai nauyin ton 10000 zuwa methyl methacrylate (MMA) aikin da cibiyar nazarin aiwatar da aikin injiniya ta Kwalejin Kimiyya ta kasar Sin ta samar da kansa. cikin nasara an fara aiki da aiki a tsaye, kuma samfuran sun kai daidaitattun daidaito.Wannan na'urar ita ce farkon kwal tushen methanol acetic acid a duniya zuwa na'urar nunin masana'antu na MMA, wanda ke samun sauyi na samar da methacrylate na cikin gida daga dogaro kawai da albarkatun mai zuwa amfani da albarkatun mai.

Saboda canjin yanayi mai gasa, samarwa da yanayin buƙatun samfuran MMA sun canza, kuma yanayin farashin yana nuna kunkuntar sauye-sauye.A cikin shekaru biyu da suka gabata, farashin MMA mafi girma na kasuwa a kasar Sin ya kai yuan/ton 14014, kuma mafi karancin farashi ya kai yuan 10000/ton.Tun daga watan Agustan 2023, farashin kasuwar MMA ya ragu zuwa yuan/ton 11500.Babban wakilin samfurin da ke ƙasa shine PMMA, wanda ya nuna rashin ƙarfi a farashin kasuwa a cikin shekaru biyu da suka gabata, tare da matsakaicin farashin yuan / ton 17560 da mafi ƙarancin farashin yuan / ton 14625.Tun daga watan Agustan 2023, babban farashin kasuwar PMMA na kasar Sin ya tashi a kan yuan 14600/ton.Ya kamata a lura da cewa saboda gaskiyar cewa samfuran PMMA na cikin gida galibi suna tsakiyar tsakiyar zuwa ƙananan ƙira, ƙimar farashin samfuran ya yi ƙasa da na kasuwar da aka shigo da su.

1.Ba tare da la'akari da rukunin MMA acetic acid ba, tsarin samar da ethylene MMA ya sami mafi ƙarfi gasa a cikin shekaru biyu da suka gabata.

A cikin shekaru biyu da suka gabata, tsarin samar da MMA na ethylene ya kasance mafi ƙarfi a kasuwannin kasar Sin.Dangane da kididdiga, farashin samar da ethylene tushen MMA shine mafi ƙanƙanta kuma ƙwarewarsa shine mafi ƙarfi.A shekarar 2020, farashin ka'idar MMA na tushen ethylene ya kasance yuan 5530 akan kowace ton, yayin da ya zuwa watan Yulin shekarar 2023, matsakaicin farashin ya kasance yuan 6088 kacal a kowace ton.Sabanin haka, hanyar BASF tana da mafi girman farashin samarwa, tare da farashin MMA na yuan 10765 kan kowace ton a shekarar 2020 da matsakaicin farashi na yuan 11081 kan kowace ton daga Janairu zuwa Agusta 2023.

A lokacin da kimanta gasa na daban-daban samar da matakai, muna bukatar mu kula da bambance-bambance a cikin naúrar amfani da albarkatun kasa ga daban-daban matakai.Misali, amfani da danyen abu na hanyar ethylene shine 0.35 ethylene, 0.84 methanol, da iskar gas 0.38, yayin da tsarin BASF shine ainihin hanyar ethylene, amma amfani da ethylene shine 0.429, amfani da methanol shine 0.387, kuma yawan amfani da iskar gas shine. 662 cubic mita.Waɗannan bambance-bambance suna shafar farashin samarwa da gasa na matakai daban-daban.

Dangane da ƙididdigar farashi a cikin 'yan shekarun da suka gabata, ƙimar MMA gasa don matakai daban-daban shine: hanyar ethylene> Hanyar C4> Ingantacciyar hanyar ACH> Hanyar ACH> Hanyar Lucite> Hanyar BASF.Bambance-bambancen aikin injiniya na jama'a ya fi tasiri akan wannan matsayi tsakanin matakai daban-daban.

A nan gaba, tare da ci gaban fasaha da haɓaka kasuwa, yanayin gasa na matakai daban-daban na iya canzawa.Musamman ba tare da la'akari da na'urar acetic acid MMA ba, ana sa ran ethylene MMA zai ci gaba da kiyaye fa'idarsa.

2.Hanyar acetic acid MMA ana tsammanin za ta zama hanyar samar da mafi gasa

Cibiyar Injiniya Tsari ta Kwalejin Kimiyya ta kasar Sin ta yi nasarar samar da masana'antar nunin masana'antu ta methanol acetic acid MMA ta farko a duniya.Shuka yana ɗaukar methanol da acetic acid a matsayin albarkatun ƙasa, kuma ta hanyar tafiyar matakai na iskar aldol, hydrogenation, da sauransu, sun fahimci ingantaccen samar da samfuran MMA na dogon lokaci.Wannan tsari yana da ci gaba a bayyane, ba kawai tsari ba gajere bane, har ma da albarkatun da ke fitowa daga kwal, wanda ke da fa'idar tsadar gaske.Bugu da kari, Xinjiang Zhongyou Puhui Technology Co., Ltd yana shirin kafa manyan masana'antu na ton 110000 a kowace shekara, wanda zai kara inganta inganta da bunkasa masana'antar MMA na kasar Sin.Idan aka kwatanta da tsarin samar da man fetur na gargajiya na MMA, tsarin MMA na acetic acid ya fi dacewa da muhalli da fa'idar tattalin arziki, kuma ana sa ran ya zama muhimmin alkiblar ci gaba ga masana'antar MMA na gaba.

3.Akwai bambance-bambance masu mahimmanci a cikin tasirin tasirin farashi na matakai daban-daban

Akwai bambance-bambance masu mahimmanci a cikin ma'aunin tasiri na farashi na hanyoyin samar da MMA daban-daban, kuma tasirin tasirin abubuwa daban-daban akan farashi ya bambanta dangane da fasahar tsari.

Don ACH MMA, canjin farashin acetone, methanol, da acrylonitrile suna da tasiri mai mahimmanci akan farashin sa.Daga cikin su, canje-canjen farashin acetone yana da tasiri mafi girma akan farashi, ya kai 26%, yayin da canjin farashin methanol da acrylonitrile ya shafi 57% da 18% na farashi, bi da bi.Sabanin haka, farashin methanol ya kai kusan kashi 7%.Sabili da haka, a cikin nazarin sarkar darajar ACH MMA, ana buƙatar ƙarin kulawa ga canje-canjen farashin acetone.

Don hanyar C4 MMA, babban-tsarki isobutylene shine mafi girman farashin canji, yana lissafin kusan 58% na farashin MMA.Methanol yana lissafin kusan 6% na farashin MMA.Farashin farashin isobutene yana da tasiri mai mahimmanci akan farashin hanyar C4 MMA.

Don MMA tushen ethylene, yawan amfani da ethylene yana da sama da 85% na farashin MMA na wannan tsari, wanda shine babban tasirin farashi.Duk da haka, ya kamata a lura cewa yawancin ethylene ana samar da su ne a matsayin kayan aiki masu tallafi da kansu, kuma sulhu na cikin gida ya dogara ne akan farashin farashi.Don haka, matakin gasa na ka'idar ethylene bazai yi girma kamar ainihin matakin gasa ba.

A taƙaice, akwai bambance-bambance masu mahimmanci a cikin tasirin tasirin abubuwa daban-daban akan farashi a cikin hanyoyin samar da MMA daban-daban, kuma ana buƙatar gudanar da bincike bisa takamaiman fasahar tsari.

4.Wane tsari na samar da MMA zai sami mafi ƙarancin farashi a nan gaba?

A ƙarƙashin matsayin fasaha na yanzu, matakin gasa na MMA a cikin matakai daban-daban a nan gaba zai sami tasiri sosai ta hanyar haɓakar farashin albarkatun ƙasa.Abubuwan da ake amfani da su a cikin manyan hanyoyin samar da MMA da yawa sun haɗa da MTBE, methanol, acetone, sulfuric acid, da ethylene.Ana iya siyan waɗannan samfuran ko kuma a kawo su a ciki, yayin da iskar gas ɗin roba, masu kara kuzari da kayan taimako, hydrocyanic acid, ɗanyen hydrogen, da sauransu ba a ba da kansu ba kuma farashin ya ci gaba da canzawa.

Daga cikin su, farashin MTBE ya biyo bayan sauyin da ake samu a kasuwar mai, sannan kuma farashin mai na da alaka da farashin danyen mai.Dangane da hasashen farashin mai a nan gaba, ana sa ran farashin MTBE zai nuna haɓakar haɓakawa, kuma yanayin da ake sa ran zai tashi ya fi ɗanyen mai ƙarfi.Farashin methanol a kasuwa yana canzawa tare da yanayin farashin kwal, kuma ana sa ran samar da kayayyaki na gaba zai ci gaba da karuwa sosai.Koyaya, haɓaka samfurin sarkar masana'antu zai haifar da haɓakar ƙimar amfani da kai, kuma ana sa ran farashin methanol na kayayyaki a kasuwa zai ci gaba da hauhawa.

Yanayin wadata da buƙatu a cikin kasuwar acetone yana tabarbarewa, kuma ana hana gina sabbin ayyuka ta amfani da hanyar ACH, kuma canjin farashi na dogon lokaci na iya zama mai rauni.Ana ba da Ethylene galibi a ciki kuma yana da ƙarfin ƙimar farashi.

Sabili da haka, dangane da yanayin fasaha na yanzu da kuma canjin yanayin farashin albarkatun kasa, har yanzu akwai rashin tabbas game da tsarin samar da MMA zai sami mafi ƙarancin farashi a nan gaba.Duk da haka, ana iya hasashen cewa a cikin yanayin haɓakar farashin mai da kwal a nan gaba, ana sa ran farashin albarkatun ƙasa irin su methanol da MTBE za su tashi, wanda zai iya yin tasiri sosai kan matakin gasa na MMA a cikin matakai daban-daban.Don ci gaba da yin gasa, masana'antun na iya buƙatar neman ƙarin tattalin arziki da ingantaccen tashoshi na samar da albarkatun ƙasa, yayin ƙarfafa haɓakawa da haɓaka hanyoyin samarwa don rage farashin samarwa da haɓaka ingancin samfur.

Takaitawa

Matsayin gasa na matakai daban-daban na MMA a kasar Sin a nan gaba ana sa ran zai ci gaba da yin karfi ga tsarin ethylene, sannan tsarin ACH yana tallafawa sashin acrylonitrile, sannan tsarin C4.Duk da haka, ya kamata a lura cewa a nan gaba, kamfanoni za su ci gaba a cikin tsarin masana'antu na masana'antu, wanda zai zama mafi kyawun yanayin aiki ta hanyar samfurori masu rahusa da kuma goyon bayan PMMA ko wasu samfurori na sinadarai.

Dalilin da ya sa ake sa ran hanyar ethylene za ta kasance mai ƙarfi saboda ƙarfin samuwa na ethylene albarkatun ƙasa, wanda ke ba da adadi mai yawa na farashin samar da MMA.Duk da haka, ya kamata a nuna cewa yawancin ethylene ana ba da su a cikin gida, kuma matakin gwagwarmayar ka'idarsa bazai kai girman matakin gasa ba.

Hanyar ACH tana da gasa mai ƙarfi idan aka haɗa su da naúrar acrylonitrile, musamman saboda tsaftataccen isobutylene kamar yadda babban kayan albarkatun ƙasa ke da yawan adadin kuɗin MMA, yayin da hanyar ACH na iya samar da isobutylene mai tsafta a matsayin samfuri, don haka rage farashi. .

Gasa na matakai kamar hanyar C4 yana da rauni sosai, galibi saboda hauhawar farashin kayan albarkatun sa na isobutane da acrylonitrile, da ƙarancin rabon isobutane a cikin farashin samar da MMA.

Gabaɗaya, mafi kyawun yanayin aiki na sarkar masana'antar MMA a nan gaba zai kasance don masana'antu don haɓakawa a cikin ƙirar sarkar masana'antu, ta hanyar samfura masu ƙarancin farashi da ƙasa mai tallafawa PMMA ko wasu samfuran sinadarai.Wannan ba zai iya rage farashin samarwa kawai da haɓaka gasa ba, har ma ya fi dacewa da buƙatun kasuwa.