Phenolwani nau'in sinadari ne mai matukar muhimmanci, wanda ake amfani da shi sosai wajen samar da sinadarai iri-iri, kamar su robobi, maganin antioxidants, maganin warkewa, da dai sauransu. Saboda haka, yana da matukar muhimmanci a iya sanin fasahar kera phenol.A cikin wannan labarin, za mu gabatar da fasahar kera na phenol daki-daki.

Ana aiwatar da shirye-shiryen phenol gabaɗaya ta hanyar amsa benzene tare da propylene a gaban masu haɓakawa.Za a iya raba tsarin amsawa zuwa matakai uku: mataki na farko shine amsawar benzene da propylene don samar da cumene;mataki na biyu shine oxidation na cumene don samar da cumene hydroperoxide;kuma mataki na uku shine tsagewar cumene hydroperoxide don samar da phenol da acetone.

A mataki na farko, benzene da propylene suna amsawa a gaban wani mai kara kuzari don samar da cumene.Ana aiwatar da wannan matakin a zafin jiki na kimanin digiri 80 zuwa 100 na ma'aunin celcius da matsa lamba na kusan 10 zuwa 30 kg/cm2.Mai kara kuzari da ake amfani da shi galibi shine aluminium chloride ko sulfuric acid.Samfurin amsawa shine cumene, wanda aka rabu da cakuda amsa ta hanyar distillation.

A mataki na biyu, cumene yana oxidized tare da iska a gaban wani mai kara kuzari don samar da cumene hydroperoxide.Ana aiwatar da wannan matakin a zafin jiki na kimanin digiri 70 zuwa 90 na ma'aunin celcius da matsa lamba na kusan 1 zuwa 2 kg/cm2.Mai kara kuzari da ake amfani da shi yawanci sulfuric acid ko phosphoric acid.Samfurin amsawa shine cumene hydroperoxide, wanda aka rabu da cakuda amsa ta hanyar distillation.

A mataki na uku, cumene hydroperoxide yana kakkarye a gaban wani sinadarin acid don samar da phenol da acetone.Ana aiwatar da wannan matakin a zafin jiki na kimanin digiri 100 zuwa 130 na ma'aunin celcius da matsa lamba na kusan 1 zuwa 2 kg/cm2.Mai kara kuzari da ake amfani da shi yawanci sulfuric acid ko phosphoric acid.Samfurin amsawa shine cakuda phenol da acetone, wanda aka rabu da cakuda amsa ta hanyar distillation.

A ƙarshe, rabuwa da tsarkakewa na phenol da acetone ana aiwatar da su ta hanyar distillation.Don samun samfurori masu tsabta, yawanci ana amfani da jerin ginshiƙan distillation don rabuwa da tsarkakewa.Samfurin ƙarshe shine phenol, wanda za'a iya amfani dashi don samar da samfuran sinadarai daban-daban.

A taƙaice, shirye-shiryen phenol daga benzene da propylene ta hanyar matakai uku na sama na iya samun phenol mai tsabta.Duk da haka, wannan tsari yana buƙatar amfani da adadi mai yawa na ƙwayoyin acid, wanda zai haifar da mummunar lalata kayan aiki da gurɓataccen muhalli.Don haka, ana haɓaka wasu sabbin hanyoyin shirye-shirye don maye gurbin wannan tsari.Alal misali, hanyar shirye-shiryen phenol ta amfani da biocatalysts an yi amfani da shi a hankali a cikin masana'antu.