Polycarbonate (PC) wani nau'i ne na kwayoyin halitta wanda ya ƙunshi ƙungiyar carbonate, bisa ga tsarin kwayoyin halitta tare da ƙungiyoyin ester daban-daban, za'a iya raba su zuwa aliphatic, alicyclic, aromatic, wanda mafi mahimmancin darajar ƙungiyar aromatic, da kuma mafi mahimmancin bisphenol A nau'in polycarbonate, matsakaicin matsakaicin nauyin kwayoyin halitta (Mw) a cikin 20-100,00000.

Tsarin tsari na PC hoto

Polycarbonate yana da kyau ƙarfi, tauri, bayyananne, zafi da sanyi juriya, sauki aiki, harshen wuta retardant da sauran m yi, babban kasa aikace-aikace ne lantarki kayan, takardar da mota, wadannan uku masana'antu lissafin game da 80% na polycarbonate amfani, sauran a masana'antu inji sassa, CD-ROM, marufi, ofishin kayan aiki, likita da kuma kiwon lafiya filin filin, da yawa da kuma m filin, da kuma fim, da kuma sauran masana'antu na kiwon lafiya, da kuma sauran m kewayon. aikace-aikace, zama ɗaya daga cikin robobin injiniya guda biyar a cikin nau'in girma mafi sauri.

A shekarar 2020, ikon samar da PC na duniya na kusan tan miliyan 5.88, karfin samar da PC na kasar Sin na tan miliyan 1.94 a kowace shekara, yana samar da tan kusan tan 960,000, yayin da yawan amfanin da ake amfani da shi na polycarbonate a kasar Sin a shekarar 2020 ya kai tan miliyan 2.34, akwai gibi na shigo da tan miliyan 8 zuwa kasashe 1.3. Babban buƙatun kasuwa ya jawo hannun jari da yawa don haɓaka samarwa, an kiyasta cewa akwai ayyukan PC da yawa da ake ginawa da kuma samarwa a kasar Sin a lokaci guda, kuma ƙarfin samar da gida zai wuce tan miliyan 3 / shekara a cikin shekaru uku masu zuwa, kuma masana'antar PC ta nuna haɓakar yanayin canja wuri zuwa kasar Sin.

Don haka, menene hanyoyin samarwa na PC? Menene tarihin ci gaban PC a gida da waje? Menene manyan masana'antun PC a China? Na gaba, muna yin tsefe a takaice.

PC uku na al'ada samar tsari hanyoyin

Hanyar iskar gas ta polycondensation ta fuskar fuska, hanyar musanya narkakkar ester na gargajiya da kuma hanyar musanya ta ester wacce ba ta hoto ba sune manyan hanyoyin samarwa guda uku a cikin masana'antar PC.
Hoton Hoto
1. Hanyar phosgene polycondensation tsakanin fuska

Halin phosgene ne a cikin inert sauran ƙarfi da ruwa mai ruwa sodium hydroxide bayani na bisphenol A don samar da ƙananan nau'in polycarbonate, sa'an nan kuma tashe cikin babban polycarbonate na kwayoyin halitta. A wani lokaci, kusan kashi 90% na samfuran polycarbonate masana'antu an haɗa su ta wannan hanyar.

A abũbuwan amfãni daga interfacial polycondensation phosgene Hanyar PC ne high zumunta kwayoyin nauyi, wanda zai iya kai 1.5 ~ 2 * 105, da tsarki kayayyakin, mai kyau Tantancewar Properties, mafi hydrolysis juriya, da kuma sauki aiki. Rashin hasara shi ne cewa tsarin polymerization yana buƙatar amfani da phosgene mai guba mai yawa da kuma mai guba da kuma rashin daidaituwa na kwayoyin halitta irin su methylene chloride, wanda ke haifar da mummunar gurɓataccen muhalli.

Hanyar musayar narkewar ester, wanda kuma aka sani da polymerization na ontogenic, Bayer ta fara haɓaka ta, ta amfani da narkakken bisphenol A da diphenyl carbonate (Diphenyl Carbonate, DPC), a babban zafin jiki, babban injin, yanayin kasancewar yanayin don musayar ester, pre-condensation, halayen haɓaka.

Dangane da albarkatun da aka yi amfani da su a cikin tsarin DPC, ana iya raba shi zuwa hanyar musayar narkakken ester na gargajiya (wanda kuma aka sani da hanyar photogas kai tsaye) da kuma hanyar musayar ester narkakkar hoto.

2. Hanyar musanya narkakkar ester na gargajiya

An kasu kashi 2 matakai: (1) phosgene + phenol → DPC; (2) DPC + BPA → PC, wanda tsari ne na phosgene kai tsaye.

Tsarin gajere ne, ba shi da ƙarfi, kuma farashin samarwa yana ɗan ƙasa kaɗan fiye da hanyar haɗin phosgene na interfacial, amma tsarin samarwa na DPC har yanzu yana amfani da phosgene, kuma samfurin DPC yana ƙunshe da adadin ƙungiyoyin chloroformate, wanda zai shafi ingancin samfur na ƙarshe na PC, wanda zuwa wani takamaiman iyaka yana iyakance haɓaka aikin.

3. Hanyar musayar ester ba ta phosgene ba

An raba wannan hanyar zuwa matakai 2: (1) DMC + phenol → DPC; (2) DPC + BPA → PC, wanda ke amfani da dimethyl carbonate DMC azaman albarkatun kasa da phenol don haɗa DPC.

Za'a iya sake yin amfani da phenol na samfurin da aka samu daga ester musayar da kuma haɗakarwa zuwa tsarin tsarin DPC, don haka fahimtar sake amfani da kayan aiki da tattalin arziki mai kyau; saboda yawan tsaftar kayan, samfurin kuma baya buƙatar bushewa da wankewa, kuma ingancin samfurin yana da kyau. Tsarin baya amfani da phosgene, yana da alaƙa da muhalli, kuma hanya ce ta kore.

Tare da kasa da bukatun ga petrochemical Enterprises 'uku sharar gida Tare da karuwa na kasa bukatun a kan aminci da kare muhalli na petrochemical Enterprises da kuma ƙuntatawa a kan amfani da phosgene, da ba phosgene narkakkar ester fasahar zai sannu a hankali maye gurbin interfacial polycondensation Hanyar a nan gaba a matsayin shugabanci na PC samar da fasaha ci gaban a duniya.