Polycarbonate (PC) shine sarkar kwayoyin halitta wanda ke dauke da rukuni na carbonate, bisa ga tsarin kwayoyin halitta tare da ƙungiyoyin ester daban-daban, ana iya raba su zuwa aliphatic, alicyclic, aromatic, wanda mafi mahimmancin darajar ƙungiyar aromatic, da kuma mafi mahimmancin bisphenol A nau'in. polycarbonate, matsakaicin matsakaicin nauyin kwayoyin halitta (Mw) a cikin 20-100,000.

Tsarin tsari na PC hoto

Polycarbonate yana da ƙarfi mai kyau, tauri, nuna gaskiya, zafi da juriya mai sanyi, sauƙin sarrafawa, ƙarancin wuta da sauran ingantaccen aiki, manyan aikace-aikacen ƙasa sune kayan lantarki, takarda da motoci, waɗannan masana'antu guda uku suna lissafin kusan 80% na amfani da polycarbonate, sauran a cikin sassan injinan masana'antu, CD-ROM, marufi, kayan ofis, likitanci da kiwon lafiya, fina-finai, nishaɗi da kayan kariya da sauran fagage da dama kuma sun sami nasarori da dama na aikace-aikace, inda suka zama ɗaya daga cikin robobin injiniya guda biyar a cikin nau'in haɓaka mafi sauri.

A shekarar 2020, karfin samar da PC na duniya na kusan tan miliyan 5.88, karfin samar da PC na kasar Sin na ton miliyan 1.94 a kowace shekara, yana samar da kusan tan 960,000, yayin da yawan amfani da polycarbonate a kasar Sin a shekarar 2020 ya kai tan miliyan 2.34, akwai gibi. na kusan tan miliyan 1.38, ana buƙatar shigo da su daga ƙasashen waje.Babban buƙatun kasuwa ya jawo hannun jari da yawa don haɓaka samarwa, an kiyasta cewa akwai ayyukan PC da yawa da ake ginawa da kuma samarwa a kasar Sin a lokaci guda, kuma ƙarfin samar da gida zai wuce tan miliyan 3 a kowace shekara a cikin shekaru uku masu zuwa. kuma masana'antar PC tana nuna haɓakar yanayin canja wuri zuwa China.

Don haka, menene hanyoyin samarwa na PC?Menene tarihin ci gaban PC a gida da waje?Menene manyan masana'antun PC a China?Na gaba, muna yin tsefe a takaice.

PC uku na al'ada samar tsari hanyoyin

Hanyar iskar gas ta polycondensation ta fuskar fuska, hanyar musanya narkakkar ester na gargajiya da kuma hanyar musanya ta ester wacce ba ta hoto ba sune manyan hanyoyin samarwa guda uku a cikin masana'antar PC.
Hoton Hoto
1. Hanya na phosgene polycondensation tsakanin fuska

Halin phosgene ne a cikin inert sauran ƙarfi da ruwa mai ruwa sodium hydroxide bayani na bisphenol A don samar da ƙananan nau'in polycarbonate, sa'an nan kuma tashe cikin babban polycarbonate na kwayoyin halitta.A wani lokaci, kusan kashi 90% na samfuran polycarbonate masana'antu an haɗa su ta wannan hanyar.

A abũbuwan amfãni daga interfacial polycondensation phosgene Hanyar PC ne high zumunta kwayoyin nauyi, wanda zai iya kai 1.5 ~ 2 * 105, da tsarki kayayyakin, mai kyau Tantancewar Properties, mafi hydrolysis juriya, da kuma sauki aiki.Rashin hasara shi ne cewa tsarin polymerization yana buƙatar amfani da phosgene mai guba mai guba sosai da kuma mai guba da ƙananan kaushi na kwayoyin halitta kamar methylene chloride, wanda ke haifar da mummunar gurɓataccen muhalli.

Hanyar musayar narkewar ester, wanda kuma aka sani da polymerization ontogenic, Bayer ta fara haɓaka ta, ta amfani da molten bisphenol A da diphenyl carbonate (Diphenyl Carbonate, DPC), a babban zafin jiki, babban injin, yanayin kasancewar yanayi don musayar ester, pre-condensation, condensation. dauki.

Dangane da albarkatun da aka yi amfani da su a cikin tsarin DPC, ana iya raba shi zuwa hanyar musayar narkakken ester na gargajiya (wanda kuma aka sani da hanyar photogas kai tsaye) da kuma hanyar musayar ester narkakkar hoto.

2. Hanyar musanya narkakkar ester na gargajiya

An kasu kashi 2 matakai: (1) phosgene + phenol → DPC;(2) DPC + BPA → PC, wanda tsari ne na phosgene kai tsaye.

Tsarin gajere ne, ba shi da ƙarfi, kuma farashin samarwa ya ɗan yi ƙasa kaɗan fiye da hanyar phosgene na haɗin gwiwa, amma tsarin samarwa na DPC har yanzu yana amfani da phosgene, kuma samfurin DPC ya ƙunshi adadin ƙungiyoyin chloroformate, wanda zai shafi samfurin ƙarshe. ingancin PC, wanda har zuwa wani iyaka yana iyakance haɓakar tsarin.

3. Hanyar musayar ester ba ta phosgene ba

An raba wannan hanyar zuwa matakai 2: (1) DMC + phenol → DPC;(2) DPC + BPA → PC, wanda ke amfani da dimethyl carbonate DMC azaman albarkatun kasa da phenol don haɗa DPC.

Za'a iya sake yin amfani da phenol na samfurin da aka samo daga ester musayar da kuma haɗakarwa zuwa tsarin tsarin DPC, don haka fahimtar sake amfani da kayan aiki da tattalin arziki mai kyau;saboda yawan tsaftar kayan da aka samu, samfurin kuma baya buƙatar bushewa da wankewa, kuma ingancin samfurin yana da kyau.Tsarin baya amfani da phosgene, yana da alaƙa da muhalli, kuma hanya ce ta kore.

Tare da buƙatun ƙasa don sharar masana'antar petrochemical guda uku Tare da haɓaka buƙatun ƙasa game da aminci da kare muhalli na masana'antar petrochemical da ƙuntatawa kan amfani da phosgene, fasahar musayar ester ba ta phosgene ba a hankali za ta maye gurbin hanyar polycondensation ta interfacial a cikin gaba a matsayin jagorancin ci gaban fasahar samar da PC a duniya.