Phenol wani nau'i ne na kwayoyin halitta tare da tsarin zoben benzene.Ruwa ne mara launi mai ƙarfi ko ɗan ɗorewa tare da halayyar ɗanɗano mai ɗaci da ƙamshi mai ban haushi.Yana da ɗan narkewa cikin ruwa, mai narkewa a cikin ethanol da ether, kuma cikin sauƙin narkewa a cikin benzene, toluene da sauran kaushi na halitta.Phenol wani abu ne mai mahimmanci a cikin masana'antar sinadarai kuma ana iya amfani dashi don haɗakar sauran mahadi, irin su filastik, dyes, herbicides, lubricants, surfactants da adhesives.Saboda haka, ana amfani da phenol sosai wajen samar da waɗannan masana'antu.Bugu da kari, phenol shima muhimmin matsakaici ne a cikin masana'antar harhada magunguna, wanda za'a iya amfani dashi don hada magunguna da yawa, kamar aspirin, penicillin, streptomycin da tetracycline.Saboda haka, buƙatar phenol yana da yawa a kasuwa.

Babban tushen phenol shine kwal ta kwal, wanda za'a iya fitar da shi ta hanyar aikin distillation na kwal.Bugu da ƙari, phenol kuma ana iya haɗa shi ta wasu hanyoyi masu yawa, irin su bazuwar benzene da toluene a gaban masu kara kuzari, hydrogenation na nitrobenzene, raguwar phenolsulfonic acid, da dai sauransu. Baya ga waɗannan hanyoyin, phenol kuma yana iya zama. samu ta hanyar bazuwar cellulose ko sukari a ƙarƙashin yanayin zafi da matsa lamba.

Baya ga hanyoyin da ke sama, ana kuma iya samun phenol ta hanyar hako samfuran halitta kamar ganyen shayi da wake.Ya kamata a lura da cewa tsarin hakar ganyen shayi da koko ba shi da wani gurɓata muhalli kuma hanya ce mai mahimmanci ta samun phenol.A lokaci guda kuma, wake na koko kuma na iya samar da wani muhimmin albarkatun ƙasa don haɗakar da masu yin filastik - phthalic acid.Sabili da haka, wake na koko kuma yana da mahimmancin albarkatun kasa don samar da kayan aikin filastik.

Gabaɗaya, ana amfani da phenol sosai a masana'antu daban-daban kuma yana da kyakkyawan fata na kasuwa.Don samun samfuran phenol masu inganci, muna buƙatar kula da zaɓin albarkatun ƙasa da yanayin tsari a cikin tsarin samarwa don tabbatar da cewa samfuran sun cika ka'idodi da buƙatu masu dacewa.