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Sunan samfur:polyurethane

Tsarin kwayoyin halitta:

Abubuwan Sinadarai:

Dokta Otto Bayer ya fara samar da polyurethane kuma ya bincika a cikin 1937. Polyurethane shine polymer wanda sashin maimaitawa ya ƙunshi ƙwayar urethane. Urethanes su ne abubuwan da suka samo asali na carbamic acid waɗanda ke wanzuwa kawai ta hanyar esters [15]. Babban fa'idar PU shine cewa sarkar ba ta ƙunshi keɓaɓɓun atom ɗin carbon ba amma maimakon heteroatoms, oxygen, carbon da nitrogen[4]. Don aikace-aikacen masana'antu, ana iya amfani da fili na polyhydroxyl. Hakazalika, ana iya amfani da mahaɗan nitrogen na poly-aikin a cikin haɗin gwiwar amide. Ta hanyar canzawa da bambanta polyhydroxyl da polyfunctional nitrogen mahadi, ana iya haɗa PU daban-daban[15]. Polyester ko polyether resins dauke da kungiyoyin hydroxyl ana amfani da su don samar da polyesteror polyether-PU, bi da bi [6]. Bambance-bambance a cikin adadin maye gurbin da tazara tsakanin da tsakanin sarƙoƙin reshe suna samar da PUs daga layin layi zuwa reshe da 9exible zuwa m. Ana amfani da PUs na layi don kera zaruruwa da gyare-gyare[6]. Ana amfani da PUs masu sassauƙa wajen samar da abubuwan ɗaure da sutura[5]. Robobi masu sassauƙa da tsattsauran ra'ayi, waɗanda ke yin yawancin PUs da aka samar, ana iya samun su ta nau'i daban-daban a cikin masana'antu[7]. Yin amfani da ƙananan ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin prepolymers, ana iya samar da copolymers daban-daban. Ƙungiyar hydroxyl ta ƙarshe tana ba da damar canza tubalan, da ake kira sassan, don sakawa cikin sarkar PU. Bambance-bambance a cikin waɗannan sassan yana haifar da mabambantan matakan ƙarfi da elasticity. Tubalan da ke ba da tsayayyen lokaci na crystalline da ƙunshe da sarƙoƙi ana kiransu da sassa masu wuya[7]. Waɗanda ke ba da lokaci na rubbery mai amorphous kuma suna ɗauke da polyester/polyether ana kiran su sassa masu laushi. A kasuwanci, waɗannan toshe polymers ana kiran su da Segmented Pus

Aikace-aikace:

Polyurethane yana daya daga cikin mafi yawan kayan aiki a duniya a yau. Yawancin amfani da su sun bambanta daga kumfa mai sassauƙa a cikin kayan da aka ɗora, zuwa kumfa mai tsauri azaman rufi a cikin bango, rufin da na'urori zuwa polyurethane na thermoplastic da ake amfani da su a cikin kayan aikin likita da takalmi, zuwa sutura, adhesives, sealants da elastomers da ake amfani da su akan benaye da cikin gida na mota[17,18] ]. An ƙara amfani da polyurethanes a cikin shekaru talatin da suka gabata a cikin aikace-aikace daban-daban saboda ta'aziyyarsu, fa'idodin farashi, tanadin makamashi da yuwuwar ingancin muhalli. Menene wasu abubuwan da ke sa polyurethane ya zama abin sha'awa? Karuwar polyurethane yana ba da gudummawa sosai ga tsawon rayuwar samfuran da yawa. Haɓakawa na sake zagayowar rayuwar samfur da kiyaye albarkatu sune mahimman la'akari da muhalli waɗanda galibi suna son zaɓin polyurethane [19-21]. Polyurethanes (PUs) suna wakiltar wani muhimmin aji na thermoplastic da thermoset polymers kamar yadda injin su, thermal, da sinadarai za a iya keɓance su ta hanyar halayen polyols daban-daban da poly-isocyanates.