Urea, wanda kuma aka sani da urea ko carbamide, yana da tsarin sinadarai CH4N2O ko CO (NH2) 2. Yana da kwayoyin halitta wanda ya hada da carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, da hydrogen, kuma farin crystal ne.Ɗaya daga cikin mafi sauƙi mahaɗan kwayoyin halitta shine babban samfurin ƙarshe wanda ya ƙunshi nitrogen na furotin metabolism da bazuwar dabbobi masu shayarwa da wasu kifi.A matsayin taki mai tsaka tsaki, urea ya dace da ƙasa da shuke-shuke daban-daban.Yana da sauƙi don adanawa, dacewa don amfani, kuma yana da ɗan lahani mai lalacewa akan ƙasa.Yana da takin nitrogen mai sinadari tare da babban adadin amfani da mafi girman abun ciki na nitrogen.An haɗa Urea a ƙarƙashin wasu yanayi ta amfani da ammonia da carbon dioxide a cikin masana'antu.
Urea na iya amsawa da acid don samar da gishiri.Yana da hydrolysis.A yanayin zafi mai zafi, ana iya aiwatar da halayen haɓaka don samar da biuret, triuret, da cyanuric acid.Zafi zuwa 160 ℃ don bazuwar, samar da iskar ammonia da canza shi zuwa isocyanate.Domin wannan sinadari yana cikin fitsarin dan Adam ana kiransa da urea.Urea ya ƙunshi 46% nitrogen (N), wanda shine mafi girman abun ciki na nitrogen tsakanin takin nitrogen mai ƙarfi.
Urea na iya yin hydrolyze don samar da ammonia da carbon dioxide a ƙarƙashin aikin acid, tushe, da enzymes (acid da tushe na buƙatar dumama).
Domin thermal rashin zaman lafiya, dumama zuwa 150-160 ℃ zai deamination to biuret.Copper sulfate yana amsawa tare da biuret a cikin launin shuɗi kuma ana iya amfani dashi don gano urea.Idan ya yi zafi da sauri, za a lalatar da shi kuma a yi trimeric don samar da mahadi na cyclic membobi shida, cyanuric acid.
Ana iya haifar da acetylurea da diacetylurea ta hanyar amsawa tare da acetyl chloride ko acetic anhydride.
A karkashin aikin sodium ethanol, yana amsawa tare da diethyl malonate don samar da malonylurea (wanda aka sani da barbituric acid, saboda acidity).
A karkashin aikin alkaline masu kara kuzari kamar ammonia, zai iya amsawa tare da formaldehyde kuma ya shiga cikin resin urea formaldehyde.
Yi amsa tare da hydrazine hydrate don samar da aminourea.
-Nauyin kwayoyin halitta: 60.06 g/mol
-Mai yawa: 768 kg/m3
- Matsakaicin narkewa: 132.7C
-Narke zafi: 5.78 zuwa 6cal/gr
-Zafin konewa: 2531 adadin kuzari/gram
- Dangantakar zafi mai mahimmanci (30 ° C): 73%
- Ma'anar Salinity: 75.4
-Lalacewa: Yana da lalata ga ƙarfe na carbon, amma ƙasa da lalata ga aluminum, zinc, da jan karfe.Ba shi da lalata ga gilashi da ƙarfe na musamman.
1. Idan aka adana sinadarin urea ba daidai ba, yana da sauki a sha danshi da dunkulewa, wanda hakan ke shafar ingancin sinadarin urea na asali da kuma haifar da wasu asara na tattalin arziki ga manoma.Wannan yana buƙatar manoma su adana urea daidai.Kafin amfani, ya zama dole a kiyaye jakar marufi na urea.A lokacin sufuri, ya kamata a kula da shi da kulawa, kiyaye shi daga ruwan sama, kuma a adana shi a bushe, wuri mai kyau tare da zafin jiki a kasa 20 ℃.
2. Idan an adana shi da yawa, to sai a yi amfani da tubalan katako don kwantar da ƙasa zuwa kusan santimita 20, sannan a sami tazarar fiye da santimita 50 tsakanin saman da rufin don sauƙaƙe samun iska da damshi.Ya kamata a bar wata hanya tsakanin tari.Don sauƙaƙe dubawa da samun iska.Idan ba a yi amfani da urea da aka riga aka buɗe ba, ya zama dole a rufe bakin jakar a kan lokaci don sauƙaƙe amfani da shi a shekara mai zuwa.
3. Kaucewa saduwa da fata da idanu.
Taki: 90% na urea da ake samarwa ana amfani dashi azaman taki.Ana ƙara shi zuwa ƙasa kuma yana ba da nitrogen don tsire-tsire.Ƙananan biuret (kasa da 0.03%) ana amfani da urea azaman takin foliar.Yana narkewa a cikin ruwa kuma ana shafa shi ga ganyen shuke-shuke, musamman 'ya'yan itatuwa da citrus.
Urea taki yana da fa'idar samar da babban abun ciki na nitrogen, wanda ke da mahimmanci ga metabolism na shuka kuma yana da alaƙa kai tsaye da adadin mai tushe da ganye waɗanda ke ɗaukar haske don photosynthesis.Bugu da ƙari, nitrogen yana cikin bitamin da sunadarai, kuma yana da alaƙa da abun ciki na furotin na hatsi.
Ana amfani da urea a cikin nau'ikan amfanin gona daban-daban.Hadi ya zama dole saboda ƙasa tana asarar nitrogen da yawa bayan girbi.Ana amfani da ƙwayoyin urea a cikin ƙasa, wanda yakamata yayi aiki da kyau kuma ya kasance mai wadatar ƙwayoyin cuta.Ana iya yin aikace-aikacen a lokacin dasa shuki ko a baya.Sa'an nan, urea yana hydrolyzed kuma ya bazu.
Dole ne a kula yayin shafa urea daidai a cikin ƙasa.Idan an yi amfani da shi a saman, ko kuma idan ba a shigar da shi cikin ƙasa ba ta hanyar amfani da ya dace, ruwan sama, ko ban ruwa, ammoniya zai ƙafe kuma asarar yana da mahimmanci.Rashin nitrogen a cikin tsire-tsire yana nunawa a cikin raguwa a cikin yanki na ganye da raguwa a cikin ayyukan photosynthetic.
Haɗuwar ganye: Haɗuwa da ganye abu ne daɗaɗɗen al'ada, amma gabaɗaya, amfani da sinadarai masu alaƙa da ƙasa kaɗan ne, musamman ta fuskar adadi mai yawa.Duk da haka, wasu bayanan duniya sun nuna cewa yin amfani da ƙarancin urea na iya rage yawan takin da ake amfani da shi a ƙasa ba tare da lalata aiki, girma, da ingancin 'ya'yan itace ba.Bincike ya nuna cewa fesa foliar tare da ƙaramin adadin urea yana da tasiri kamar feshin ƙasa.Baya ga ingantattun tsare-tsare na takin zamani, wannan yana tabbatar da yin amfani da takin zamani tare da sauran sinadarai na noma.
Chemicals da robobi: Urea yana nan a cikin manne, robobi, resins, tawada, magunguna, da abubuwan gamawa don yadi, takarda, da karafa.
Kariyar abincin dabbobi: Urea tana haɗe cikin abincin saniya kuma tana ba da nitrogen, wanda ke da mahimmanci ga samuwar furotin.
Samar da guduro: urea formaldehyde guduro da sauran resins suna da aikace-aikace iri-iri a masana'antu, kamar samar da plywood.Ana kuma amfani da su a cikin kayan kwalliya da fenti.
Chemwin na iya samar da nau'ikan nau'ikan hydrocarbons da abubuwan kaushi na sinadarai don abokan cinikin masana'antu.Kafin wannan, da fatan za a karanta mahimman bayanai masu zuwa game da yin kasuwanci tare da mu:
1. Tsaro
Tsaro shine babban fifikonmu.Baya ga samar wa abokan ciniki bayanai game da aminci da amincin amfani da samfuran mu, mun kuma jajirce wajen tabbatar da cewa an rage haɗarin aminci na ma'aikata da 'yan kwangila zuwa mafi ƙanƙanta mai yuwuwa.Sabili da haka, muna buƙatar abokin ciniki don tabbatar da cewa an cika daidaitattun ƙa'idodin saukarwa da aminci na ajiya kafin isar da mu (da fatan za a koma zuwa ƙarin bayanin HSSE a cikin sharuɗɗan tallace-tallace na gaba ɗaya da ke ƙasa).Kwararrun mu na HSSE na iya ba da jagora akan waɗannan ƙa'idodi.
2. Hanyar bayarwa
Abokan ciniki na iya yin oda da isar da kayayyaki daga chemwin, ko kuma za su iya karɓar samfuran daga masana'antar masana'anta.Hanyoyin sufurin da ake da su sun haɗa da manyan motoci, jirgin ƙasa ko jigilar kayayyaki da yawa (sharuɗɗan daban sun shafi).
Game da buƙatun abokin ciniki, za mu iya ƙididdige buƙatun jiragen ruwa ko tankuna da amfani da ƙa'idodin aminci / bita na musamman da buƙatu.
3. Mafi ƙarancin tsari
Idan ka sayi samfura daga gidan yanar gizon mu, mafi ƙarancin tsari shine ton 30.
4.Biyan kuɗi
Daidaitaccen hanyar biyan kuɗi shine cirewa kai tsaye a cikin kwanaki 30 daga daftari.
5. Takardun bayarwa
Ana ba da waɗannan takaddun tare da kowace bayarwa:
Bill of Lading, CMR Waybill ko wasu takaddun jigilar kayayyaki masu dacewa
Takaddun Takaddun Bincike ko Daidaitawa (idan an buƙata)
Takaddun da ke da alaƙa da HSSE daidai da ƙa'idodi
Takaddun kwastam daidai da ka'idoji (idan an buƙata)
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